Increasing the octane number of gasoline using functionalized carbon nanotubes

Kish, Sara Safari; Rashidi, Alimorad; Aghabozorg, Hossein; Moradi, Leila

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.12.056

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The average length of nanotubes was ∼30 μm. The COOH‐MWNTs were prepared by UV/O 3 method (MWNTs were ozonized under ozone stream at room temperature and atmosphere condition) and the density of carboxylic groups attached to nanotubes was about 2% (measured by the manufacturer).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flammability and thermal properties of epoxy/glass/MWNT Composites

Hesami

Bagheri

Masoomi

2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The aim f this work is to study the effect of nanotubes on flammability properties of epoxy/glass composites. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and its functionalized derivative (amino functionalized nanotubes) were incorporated into epoxy resin. To disperse MWNTs in the epoxy resin, different ways were employed. Microscopic observations showed that, the best dispersion state was gained by using ultrasonication method and high shear flow simultaneously. Thermal resistance of cured epoxy resins containing various amounts of nanotubes (0.25-0.7 wt %), was investigated by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Introducing MWNTs and amino-MWNTs to samples increased the initial thermal decomposition temperature for about 32 and 37 C, respectively. LOI measurements of composite samples showed an increase up to 32. Cone calorimetry test was carried out on epoxy/glass and epoxy/ glass containing 0.5% MWNT. The results showed that, introducing 0.5% MWNTs decreases maximum average rate of heat emission for about 26%.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After acylation, the solution was centrifuged and washed with 125 cc anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) for five times (each time 25 cc of THF was used). The remaining solid was dried at 70°C under vacuum for 2 h …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flammability and thermal properties of epoxy/glass/MWNT Composites

Hesami

Bagheri

Masoomi

2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Different concentrations (20,30,40,50, and 60 mg/L) of NaHS aqueous solution were prepared to obtain the UV adsorption spectra, and the results are shown in Table I. Different concentrations (20,30,40,50, and 60 mg/L) of NaHS aqueous solution were prepared to obtain the UV adsorption spectra, and the results are shown in Table I.…”

Section: H 2 S Adsorption Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyethylenimine‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube for the adsorption of hydrogen sulfide

Chu

Tang

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized with ethane diamine and polyethylenimine (PEI) with molecular weights of 1800 [MWCNT-PEI weight-average molecular weight (M w ) 5 1800] and 70,000 (MWCNT-PEI M w 5 70,000), respectively. The structures and properties of the ethane diamine functionalized MWCNTs and PEI-functionalized MWCNTs were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. An increase with the D/G (D, Disorder band; G, Graphite) ratio of the functionalized MWCNTs in the Raman spectra proved that the ethane diamine and PEI were successfully bonded to the surface of the pristine MWCNTs. The results of TGA also confirmed this. In addition, the structure of the functionalized MWCNTs showed no significant changes compared with the pristine MWCNTs; this was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) sorption on the functionalized MWCNTs was studied by UV spectroscopy. As expected, the results of UV spectroscopy shows that the MWCNTs bonded with higher molecular weight PEI had a more excellent H 2 S adsorption efficiency than those bonded with low-molecular-weight PEI and ethane diamine, a micromolecular amine. The effects of the pH and temperature on the adsorption of H 2 S were also studied. Under the conditions investigated, the maximum first-time H 2 S adsorption efficiency of 1.94 mmol/g was observed for MWCNT-PEI (M w 5 70,000) in the 60 mg/L sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) aqueous solution. In addition, the H 2 S reversible adsorption of the functionalized MWCNTs was conducted, and the second-time H 2 S adsorption efficiency of MWCNT-PEI (M w 5 70,000) reached 1.83 mmol/g in the 60 mg/L NaHS aqueous solution. The results demonstrate that the MWCNTs decorated with high-molecularweight PEI were potentially excellent and reversible H 2 S adsorbents.

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“…Avgas without TEL only has a motor octane number (MON) of 92 or less, and avgas with TEL usually has a MON of 100 at least, which is the minimum antiknock requirement for safe operation of high‐performance aircraft engines. The traditional organic octane boosters for automobile gasoline have already been demonstrated to be incapable of boosting MON to 100 . It is well known that isoparaffins have higher octane numbers than corresponding normal paraffins, and such characteristics become more obvious with increased molecular mass and increased length of carbon chains .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of linear and monobranched alkane from aviation gasoline by 5A zeolite adsorption for octane number enhancement

2015

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Due to continued concern about effects of tetraethyl lead (TEL) emission on the environment and human health, the complete removal of TEL from aviation gasoline (avgas) is a desirable pursuit. In order to maintain high antiknock performance of avgas, an advanced adsorption method was developed using 5A zeolite to remove linear and monobranched alkane from avgas for octane number enhancement. An experimental study of single, binary, and quaternary adsorption of octane isomers on a fixed bed reactor was performed in this work. The effects of partial pressure, operating temperature, and initial mixture composition on breakthrough curves and sorption selectivity were thoroughly studied. At fixed partial pressure, normal octane was the strongest‐adsorbed component, followed by 2‐methylheptane, 2, 5‐dimethylhexane, and 2, 2, 4‐trimethylpentane. Adsorption capacity of all components increased with increased partial pressure and decreased with increased operating temperature. However, for all binary mixtures studied in this work, the sorption selectivity decreased as total pressure increased. At equimolar concentrations the normal and monobranched isomers were preferentially adsorbed, while when the volume percentages of the isomers were different, the adsorption of the isomer with the higher volume ratio was favoured. The quaternary breakthrough curves for octane isomers at 473 K with each component having partial pressure of 0.15 kPa also indicated the feasibility of simultaneous removal of normal and monobranched isomers from a multiple‐component mixture by this 5A zeolite.

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Increasing the octane number of gasoline using functionalized carbon nanotubes

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

Flammability and thermal properties of epoxy/glass/MWNT Composites

Flammability and thermal properties of epoxy/glass/MWNT Composites

Polyethylenimine‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube for the adsorption of hydrogen sulfide

Removal of linear and monobranched alkane from aviation gasoline by 5A zeolite adsorption for octane number enhancement

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