Increasing the Number of Black Otolaryngologists

O’Brien, Erin; Douse, Dontre’ M.; Bayan, Semirra L.; Stokken, Janalee K.; Abel, Kathryn M. Van

doi:10.1016/j.otc.2020.11.017

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In addition to not predicting an applicant's clinical success, our results show that USMLE scores and AOA status also do not predict publication potential or future career trajectory. Furthermore, many of these academic requirements can discriminate against underrepresented minority students 17 and widen the gap in gender and racial representation seen in this field. In recent years, many residency programs have changed their approach to the selection process, including “unblinded” application reviews to limit implicit bias and the adaptation of algorithms that do not solely rely on traditional metrics to identify strong diverse trainees 26 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 In fact, underrepresented minority students report significant difficulty in finding mentorship, particularly race-concordant mentorship, within otolaryngology. 17 Without mentorship, these students may face even greater challenges in gaining the preresidency research experience that some training programs may expect. The association between demographic features and research productivity during otolaryngology residency appears to be novel to this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, only 2.2% of AOA members identify as black, and white students are much more likely to be selected for AOA membership than black students 16 . As a result, an emphasis on these standard metrics could lead to further underrecruitment of women and underrepresented minorities into our field—one that struggles more than most surgical subspecialties in its recruitment of Black trainees 17 . The search for other metrics to predict resident success is even more pressing in the setting of USMLE Step 1 going to a pass/fail system 5 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greater research productivity early in training may lead to greater burnout, which decreases research productivity later on. Moreover, a focus on research experience prior to residency can further discriminate against underrepresented minorities, as most academic centers do not offer funding to trainees seeking to take a research gap year and underrepresented minority students may already have less robust academic networks and financial resources 17 . In fact, underrepresented minority students report significant difficulty in finding mentorship, particularly race‐concordant mentorship, within otolaryngology 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, a focus on research experience prior to residency can further discriminate against underrepresented minorities, as most academic centers do not offer funding to trainees seeking to take a research gap year and underrepresented minority students may already have less robust academic networks and financial resources 17 . In fact, underrepresented minority students report significant difficulty in finding mentorship, particularly race‐concordant mentorship, within otolaryngology 17 . Without mentorship, these students may face even greater challenges in gaining the preresidency research experience that some training programs may expect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictive Value of Preresidency Academic Metrics on Resident Publication Potential

et al. 2023

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Objective Otolaryngology residency is highly competitive, and applicant academic metrics are scrutinized. The predictive value of preresidency academic metrics on applicants’ future research productivity and career aspirations remains largely undefined. Study Design Retrospective cohort study Setting Academic otolaryngology department, 2014 to 2015. Methods Applicant demographics, publication history, and United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores were downloaded from Electronic Residency Application Service archives. Publications during residency were tallied from all PubMed articles indexed between July 1, 2015 and June 30, 2020. Postresidency career paths were examined by 2 investigators (D.J.C. and L.X.Y.) using Google searches with an emphasis on program websites, Doximity, and LinkedIn profiles. Associations with publication potential and postresidency positions were evaluated with Spearman rank correlation coefficients and Kruskal‐Wallis, Wilcoxon rank sum, and χ 2 tests. Results Of 321 applicants, 226 (70%) matched, and 205 (64%) completed residency by June 2020. Matched residents published a median of 4 (range: 0‐41) manuscripts during residency. USMLE scores, Alpha Omega Alpha status, and the number of preresidency publications did not significantly correlate with publication potential during residency. The number of research experiences had a significant positive correlation with publications during residency ( p < 0.001). Asian race ( p = 0.002) and geographical region of residency ( p < 0.001) also had significant associations with publication potential. Of the 205 graduates, 118 (58%) enrolled in fellowship. Age and female sex (74% vs 48%; p = 0.002) were the only factors significantly associated with pursuing a fellowship. Conclusion In otolaryngology, not all preresidency academic metrics are associated with publication potential during residency or propensity for fellowship training. Programs should not use academic metrics alone to predict an applicant's future research productivity or career trajectory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictive Value of Preresidency Academic Metrics on Resident Publication Potential

et al. 2023

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Finding the Potholes in Academic Career Pathways for Underrepresented Groups in Otolaryngology

Russel,

Farzal,

Ebert

et al. 2023

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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ObjectiveTo assess inequities in representation among ranks and odds of promotion by race in academic otolaryngology.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingUS academic medical centers.MethodsDemographic data was collected for medical students, residents, and faculty in the Association of American Medical Colleges and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education databases for the academic year 2020 to 2021. The rank equity index (REI) was used to make pairwise comparisons between ranks to determine groups' representation between levels. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) demonstrating the likelihood that an individual of a particular rank/race would advance in their academic career were determined.ResultsRepresentation comparing medical students with full professors for black, Latine, and Asian otolaryngologists was below parity (REI: 0.27, 0.85, 0.85, respectively). Black (OR: 0.20, CI: 0.15, 0.26), Latine (OR: 0.61, CI: 0.50, 0.75), and Asian (OR: 0.62, CI: 0.55, 0.71) medical students all faced lower odds of becoming otolaryngology residents compared to their white counterparts. Similar findings occurred when comparing resident and assistant professor representation. American Indian/Alaskan Native (AIAN) and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NHPI) REIs and ORs could not be assessed as only 1 self‐reported AIAN and no NHPI faculty are present in the studied data.ConclusionUnderrepresented in Medicine and Asian physicians faced worsening representation at each rung of the academic otolaryngology ladder. The greatest losses occurred when medical students transitioned to residents and residents transitioned to assistant professors. AIAN and NH faculty were absent in otolaryngology, indicating vital targets for recruitment efforts.

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Creating an Undergraduate Research Program in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (Oto-HNS) for Students Underrepresented in Medicine

Douse,

Timothee,

O’Neill

et al. 2024

Med.Sci.Educ.

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Increasing the Number of Black Otolaryngologists

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Predictive Value of Preresidency Academic Metrics on Resident Publication Potential

Predictive Value of Preresidency Academic Metrics on Resident Publication Potential

Finding the Potholes in Academic Career Pathways for Underrepresented Groups in Otolaryngology

Creating an Undergraduate Research Program in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (Oto-HNS) for Students Underrepresented in Medicine

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