Increasing spring temperatures favor oak seed production in temperate areas

Caignard, Thomas; Kremer, Antoine; Firmat, Cyril; Nicolas, Manuel; Venner, Samuel; Delzon, Sylvain

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09172-7

Cited by 87 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have suggested that pollen synchrony (i.e. the duration of the seasonal spreading of airborne pollen) could be one of the main drivers of oak masting Pesendorfer et al 2016;Bogdziewicz et al 2017b) because high spring temperatures are known for their synchronising effect on leaf budburstleaf phenology providing a proxy of pollen phenology (Koenig et al 2012)and are also favourable to high fruiting (Pearse et al 2014;Caignard et al 2017;Nussbaumer et al 2018). Our results show that pollen synchrony is not correlated to the annual airborne pollen amount (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

“…In line with the last hypothesis, several empirical studies have shown that daily airborne pollen amounts strongly depends on weather conditions during pollen release and aerial diffusion for many plant species (Garc ıa-Mozo et al 2012;Grewling et al 2014;Kasprzyk et al 2014;Fuhrmann et al 2016;Sabit et al 2016). Likewise, spring weather are related to fruiting intensity in some masting species (Garc ıa-Mozo et al 2012;Pearse et al 2014;Fern andez-Mart ınez et al 2015;Koenig et al 2015;Bogdziewicz et al 2017a;Caignard et al 2017;Nussbaumer et al 2018), which suggests that unfavourable weather conditions for pollen release, aerial diffusion or synchronised flowering may cause pollen limitation (Koenig et al 2012Bogdziewicz et al 2017b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…2017a; Caignard et al . ; Nussbaumer et al . ), which suggests that unfavourable weather conditions for pollen release, aerial diffusion or synchronised flowering may cause pollen limitation (Koenig et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pollen limitation as a main driver of fruiting dynamics in oak populations

et al. 2018

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In many perennial wind‐pollinated plants, the dynamics of seed production is commonly known to be highly fluctuating from year to year and synchronised among individuals within populations. The proximate causes of such seeding dynamics, called masting, are still poorly understood in oak species that are widespread in the northern hemisphere, and whose fruiting dynamics dramatically impacts forest regeneration and biodiversity. Combining long‐term surveys of oak airborne pollen amount and acorn production over large‐scale field networks in temperate areas, and a mechanistic modelling approach, we found that the pollen dynamics is the key driver of oak masting. Mechanisms at play involved both internal resource allocation to pollen production synchronised among trees and spring weather conditions affecting the amount of airborne pollen available for reproduction. The sensitivity of airborne pollen to weather conditions might make oak masting and its ecological consequences highly sensitive to climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Pollen limitation as a main driver of fruiting dynamics in oak populations

et al. 2018

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“…For example, global warming is predicted to increase wind speed (IPCC, ), which suggests a decrease in dispersal limitation during succession. Increasing CO 2 (Hikosaka, Kinugasa, Oikawa, Onoda, & Hirose, ) and warming (Caignard et al, ) influence the quantity and quality of seeds. Warming lends a competitive advantage to vascular plants over lichens in Arctic tundra (Cornelissen et al, ), and seed germination rate increases with temperature (Graae et al, ).…”

Section: Dispersal Primary Succession and Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

When and where does dispersal limitation matter in primary succession?

Makoto

Wilson

2018

Journal of Ecology

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Primary succession encompasses the earliest and most fundamental stages of community assembly. The relative contributions of plant dispersal and ecosystem development, the main drivers that control the rate of primary succession, remain largely unknown, in spite of their central roles in community organization in general. Understanding the contribution of dispersal is especially critical because it casts light on our ability to manage succession resulting from climate change or anthropogenic disturbance. Here, we review the literature in order to understand when and where dispersal limits primary succession. Studies from many systems (tropical, temperate, boreal, arctic, alpine, floodplain forest, desert, mines, volcanic eruption and glacier forelands) show that dispersal limitation occurs consistently in the early stages of primary succession, suggesting that this is a general pattern. On the other hand, we found strong biases in study sites towards the Northern Hemisphere, temperate regions, volcanic eruptions and glacier forelands, which suggests that there are risks in drawing general conclusions about the importance of dispersal for primary succession for other biomes. Little is known about the contribution of dispersal to the later stages of primary succession. We present a recently developed method, multiscale chronosequence comparison that compares rates of succession in similar systems at relatively small and large spatial scales. Rapid succession at small scales compared to large scales suggests that seed dispersal influences succession over time periods of centuries and also limits the development of ecosystem functions such as vegetation cover and soil carbon accumulation. Synthesis: Dispersal limitation likely matters not only in the early stages but also in the late stages of primary succession by controlling the rate at which new species arrive. Both the accumulation of comparable case studies and novel approaches, such as multiscale chronosequence comparisons and factorial experiments, in contrasting biomes, are necessary to clarify the generality or context dependency of the role of dispersal in future primary successions undergoing changing climate.

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“…and the other two (Gedre-Bas and Gabas) at ∼1200 m a.s.l. The sampling date was chosen as close as possible to the fruiting peak at both elevations (see Caignard et al , 2017 for a complete description of the sampling sites and fruiting phenology). In each site, acorns were collected from three trees randomly selected among the dominant adults.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal effects and environmental filtering shape seed fungal communities in oak trees

Fort

Pauvert

Zanne

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Trees, as foundation species, play a pivotal role in the species interaction networks that constitute forest ecosystems. From the seed stage, they interact with microbial communities that affect their growth, health and fitness. Despite their eco-evolutionary importance, the processes shaping seed microbial communities in natural forests have received little attention.• To unravel these processes, we analyzed the microbial communities of seeds collected in populations of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) growing along elevation gradients. We focused on the fungal communities as this group includes seed pathogens. Ecological processes shaping the communities were quantified using joint species distribution models.• Fungi were present in all seed tissues, including the embryo. Fungal communities differed significantly among oak populations along the elevation gradients, and among mother trees within the same population. These maternal effects remained significant after seed fall, despite colonization by fungal species on the ground. Associations between tree pathogens and their antagonists were detected in the seeds.• Our results demonstrate that both maternal effects and environmental filtering shape seed microbial communities of sessile oak. They provide a starting point for future research aimed at identifying the seed extended phenotypic traits that influence seed dispersal and germination, and seedling survival and growth across environments.

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Increasing spring temperatures favor oak seed production in temperate areas

Cited by 87 publications

References 56 publications

Pollen limitation as a main driver of fruiting dynamics in oak populations

Pollen limitation as a main driver of fruiting dynamics in oak populations

When and where does dispersal limitation matter in primary succession?

Maternal effects and environmental filtering shape seed fungal communities in oak trees

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