Increasing Proportion of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 as a Cause of Genital Herpes Infection in College Students

Roberts, Craig M.; Pfister, John; Spear, Scott

doi:10.1097/01.olq.0000092387.58746.c7

Cited by 334 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…2 HSV-1 has emerged as a major cause of genital herpes among college-age populations, in which up to 80% of new cases of genital HSV were caused by HSV-1. [14][15][16] Epidemiological studies suggest that oral genital contact is the major risk factor for the acquisition of genital HSV-1. 17 Similar findings have been reported worldwide.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Genital Herpesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of neonatal herpes

Gardella

Brown

2010

BJOG

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Neonatal herpes can occur when the neonate is exposed to herpes simplex virus in the maternal genital tract during labour. Attack rates are highest when the mother has a newly acquired infection and, therefore, does not have antibodies to protect the neonate. Even with early therapy, there is significant morbidity and mortality associated with neonatal herpes, suggesting that preventing neonatal herpes simplex virus exposure or early recognition of exposure is important. The incidence of neonatal herpes has not declined despite national guidelines for prevention. This suggests that the prevention guidelines need to be re-addressed.Keywords Herpes, neonate, prevention.Please cite this paper as: Gardella C, Brown Z. Prevention of neonatal herpes. BJOG 2011;118:187-192. Epidemiology of genital herpesBased on serological data from a large National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 22% of pregnant women in the USA are infected with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), 63% are HSV-1 seropositive, 13% have both HSV-1 and HSV-2, and 28% are seronegative. 1 In the general population, for the first time since the 1976 inception of NHANES, the seroprevalence of HSV-2 has decreased; overall, the age-adjusted HSV-2 seroprevalence was 17% in 1999-2004, compared with 21% in 1988-94, a relative decrease of 19% between the two study periods. Among those infected with HSV-2, the percentage who reported being diagnosed was 14.3% in 1999-2004 and 9.9% in 1988-94, suggesting that more providers are aware of genital herpes, and able to make appropriate diagnoses. 2 However, the vast majority of people infected with HSV-2 remain undiagnosed and, therefore, untreated and able to spread the infection. Between 75% and 90% of HSV-2-infected people are not aware of having the infection. [3][4][5][6] This is important because most sexual transmission of HSV occurs during episodes of subclinical reactivation among persons with unrecognized infection. 4,7-10 Virtually all HSV-2 seropositive people have intermittent shedding from the genital mucosa, and most have mild (and hence unrecognized and undiagnosed) disease. 5 In the absence of symptoms, HSV-2 can be detected in the genital tract, by viral culture, on 3% of days for the first year after initial infection, then on 1% of days for the next 2 years. HSV-2 DNA can be detected by polymerase chain reaction testing 15-20% of days. 11,12 Recent data suggest that HSV reactivation may occur much more frequently than previously understood, and may be characterised by frequent short bursts of viral shedding that do not correlate with symptoms. 13 As HSV-2 seroprevalence decreased, HSV-1 seroprevalence in the USA increased to 62% in 1988-94 from 57.7% in 1999-2004. 2 Among persons infected with HSV-1 but not HSV-2, a higher percentage reported a diagnosis of genital herpes in 1999-2004 compared with 1988-94 (1.8% versus 0.4%). 2 HSV-1 has emerged as a major cause of genital herpes among college-age populations, in which up to 80% of new cases of genital HSV were caused by HSV-1. [14][1...

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Section: Epidemiology Of Genital Herpesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of neonatal herpes

Gardella

Brown

2010

BJOG

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“…4) HSV2 is considered to be a major causative virus of aseptic meningitis, and encephalitis occurs in 15% or more of the patients with central nervous system infection of HSV2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Herpes Encephalitis Occurring after Aneurysmal Coil Embolization

Kuwayama

Matsuda

Hagino

et al. 2017

JNET

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Objective: We report a case of herpes encephalitis that occurred after coil embolization of cerebral aneurysm.Case Presentation: A 66-year-old woman underwent stent-assisted coil embolization for the recurrence of basilar tip aneurysm. She was discharged to home but noted fever 30 days after the procedure, and as she developed disorientation and disturbance of consciousness, she consulted the outpatient clinic of our hospital. MRI showed abnormal signals mainly in the mesial right temporal lobe, and with a diagnosis of herpes encephalitis based on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tap test, acyclovir drip infusion was performed. While disturbance of consciousness was resolved, disorientation and short-term memory loss persisted. Conclusion:There is a possibility that herpes encephalitis was induced by the intracranial endovascular procedure.Herpes encephalitis should be recognized as a possible complication after intracranial endovascular therapy.

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“…In the US, 17% of the population is seropositive for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and 58% for HSV-1, which is emerging as a major cause of genital herpes infections in developed countries (Roberts, 2005;Roberts, Pfister, and Spear, 2003;Xu et al, 2006). The HSV-2 seroprevalence rates are much higher in some populations, reaching 90-95% among HIV-infected subjects and female sex workers in developing countries where HSV-2 remains the dominant cause of genital ulcerative disease (Nagot et al, 2007).…”

Section: The Cotton Rat Model Of Hsv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%