Increasing propionate acid production in Bali cattle through ZnSO4 and Zn-Cu isoleusinate supplementation as a strategy to mitigate methane gas production

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate zinc sulfate and Zn-Cu isoleusinat supplementation with concentrates on rumen fermentation of Bali cattle. The experiment design used randomized block design. The animal randomized, assigned into four groups of treatment diet. They were T0 = Ammoniated kume grass standing hay + concentrate (60:40); T1 = T0 + 150 mg ZnSO4/kg DM concentrate + 1 % Zn-Cu isoleusinate; T2 = T0 + 150 mg ZnSO4/kg DM concentrate + 2 % Zn-Cu isoleusinate; and T3 = T0 + 150 mg ZnSO4/kg DM concentrate + 3 % Zn-Cu isoleusinate. Supplementation zinc sulfate and Zn-Cu isoleusinate in the concentrate did not increase significantly NH3 concentration, total VFA, acetate, and butyrate production. However, supplementation zinc sulfate and Zn-Cu isoleusinate increase significantly (P<0.01) propionate production, decrease propionate and acetate ratio. The best of rumen fermentation achieved at level of ZnSO4 and Zn-Cu isoleusinate supplementation 150 mg ZnSO4 kg−1. Concentrate and 2% Zn-Cu isoleusinat kg−1 diet. It can concluded supplementing Bali cattle with combination of 1.5% lemuru oil, 150 mg ZnSO4/kg DM concentrate and 2% Zn-Cu isoleucinate / kg DM ration had increased NH3, VFA concentrations, C3 production, but decreased C2 and C2/C3 ratio which positively correlated with decrease in CH4 gas production.

The Effect of Zinc-Proteinate Supplementation on the In Vitro Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation in Goat

“…The influence of the mineral Zn on protein, DNA, and nucleic acid synthesis is inseparable from their influence on DNA and RNA polymerase activity (Putra., 2006). In addition, the mineral Zn also acts as metalloenzymes which play a broad role in the carboxylation enzymes of peptidase A&B and alkaline phosphate (Hartati et al, 2020). As a result, enzyme activity in rumen bacteria increases, more microbial proteins are synthesized, eventually improving the growth rate of rumen bacteria (Putra., 2006;Krisnan et al, 2009;Hilal et al, 2016).…”

“…Fiber digestion in ruminants is greatly influenced by feed composition, lignin content, cellulose content, the activity of fibrinolytic, cellulolytic microorganisms, and microbial protein synthesis (Pathak, 2008;Noziére et al, 2010;Ransa et al, 2020;Hambakodu et al, 2020). Another factor that impacts fiber digestion in the rumen is the sufficiency of mineral zinc (Zn) (Wang et al, 2013;Arelovich et al, 2014;Hartati et al, 2020).…”

“…Mineral Zn is known as a multi-functional micro mineral, such as the co-factor of 300 enzymes, protein and DNA synthesis, and metabolism of essential fatty acid (Elamin et al, 2013;Aliarabi et al, 2015). Zn minerals in rumen microbial growth are due to their function as a metalloenzyme that plays volatile roles in carboxypeptidase A and B enzymes and alkaline phosphatase, which significantly contribute to protein digestion and protein synthesis, including microbial protein synthesis (Hartati et al, 2020). Increased microbial protein synthesis will impact the increase of total rumen microbes, especially cellulolytic bacteria, thus increasing the efficiency of digestion of fibrous feed as well as the final product (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) (Noziére et al, 2010;Suhendra et al, 2015;Ransa et al, 2020).…”