Increasing Octane Value in Catalytic Cracking of n-Hexadecane with Addition of *BEA Type Zeolite

Shimada, Iori; Imai, Ryōsuke; Hayasaki, Yoshinori; Fukunaga, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Nobuhide; Takatsuka, Toru

doi:10.3390/catal5020703

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Hydrotreating n-hexane yielded a liquid phase where the major products were branched paraffins with six carbons such as 2,2-dimethyl-butane, 2-methyl-pentane, and 3-methyl-pentane. This was similarly observed for hydrotreating n-hexane in the presence of noble metal/HBEA in the literature ( Lima et al, 2011 ; Saxena et al, 2013 ; Shimada et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Hydrodeoxygenation of Xylose Isopropylidene Ketal Over Pd/HBEA Catalyst for the Production of Green Fuels

et al. 2021

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1,2:3,5-Di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-xylofuranose (DX) is a major component of a new bio-crude: a viscous oil presenting petroleum-friendly properties produced by the ketalization of sugarcane bagasse. This article studies DX HDO (hydrodeoxygenation) over a Pd/HBEA catalyst in a batch reactor at 250°C. The effects of hydrogen pressure from 10 to 40 bar, catalyst/DX ratio from ½ to 2, and reaction time 0–24 h were investigated. A range of conditions for complete hydrodeoxygenated DX into alkanes with a Pd/HBEA catalyst was found. In these conditions, a low coke yield with water as the principal deoxygenated product was obtained. Further, higher amounts of alkanes containing seven or more carbons (A7+) were favored at 30 bar of hydrogen pressure, Cat/DX ratio = 2, and short reaction time. Products analysis that accompanied the above variations during reaction time led to general insights into reaction pathways. First, in the presence of DX, an effective n-hexane conversion was not observed on experiments of low catalyst/DX ratio (½) or in the initial period of high Cat/DX ratio, suggesting DX is much more successful than n-hexane to compete for active sites. Then, the formation of a pool of oxygenated compounds, such as furans, ketones, and carboxylic acids, along with lighter and heavier alkanes was observed. Hence, the aforementioned oxygenates may undergo reactions, such as aldol condensation with subsequent hydrodeoxygenation reaction, generating heavier alkanes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Hydrodeoxygenation of Xylose Isopropylidene Ketal Over Pd/HBEA Catalyst for the Production of Green Fuels

et al. 2021

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“…Test samples were made by dissolving each model PAH in n-HD at a molar ratio of 20:80. Catalytic activity tests were conducted in a fixed bed microactivity test (MAT) reactor that has been described in a previous publication [15]. In each trial, 4 g of the steam-equilibrated FCC catalyst was placed in the reactor, maintained at 516°C using a three-zone electric furnace, following which a solution of one of the model PAHs in n-HD was fed into the reactor by a microfeeder while being heated electrically in a preheating line.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic cracking of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with hydrogen transfer reaction

Shimada

Takizawa

Fukunaga

et al. 2015

Fuel

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“…Catalytic activity tests were conducted in a fixed-bed microactivity test reactor, the details of which are given elsewhere (Shimada et al, 2015a). In each trial, E-cat (2.7-8.0 g) was placed in the reactor, which was maintained at 470°C.…”

Section: Catalytic Cracking Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-processing of Saturated and Unsaturated Triglycerides in Catalytic Cracking Process for Hydrocarbon Fuel Production

Shimada

Nakamura

Ohta³

et al. 2018

J. Chem. Eng. Japan / JCEJ

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With the aim of the e cient use of plant oils as alternative fuels, the deoxygenation of saturated and unsaturated triglycerides in a catalytic cracking process was investigated using a uid catalytic cracking catalyst with enhanced hydrogentransfer activity. The decomposition and deoxygenation of sun ower oil (unsaturated triglycerides) proceeded rapidly and produced a large amount of aromatic hydrocarbons, which are unsuitable for fuel applications. In contrast, the rate of deoxygenation of coconut oil (saturated triglycerides) was slow and some oxygen-containing species were observed as products. During the co-processing of saturated and unsaturated triglycerides, the deoxygenation of saturated triglycerides was accelerated and complete deoxygenation was achieved. The acceleration of the deoxygenation reaction was attributed to the rapid formation of hydrogen donors, such as ole ns and naphthenes, from the decomposition of unsaturated triglycerides. The ole ns and naphthenes released hydrogen species by cyclization and aromatization reactions. These hydrogen species then reacted with saturated triglycerides and their derivatives (fatty acids and aldehydes) in hydrogen-transfer reactions, accelerating the hydrodeoxygenation of saturated triglycerides. The hydrodeoxygenation of saturated triglycerides produced para ns and ole ns rather than aromatics. The increase in the amount of para ns and ole ns produced by the accelerated deoxygenation of saturated triglycerides was larger than the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons derived from unsaturated triglycerides. Thus, co-processing of saturated and unsaturated triglycerides was con rmed to be e ective for simultaneously achieving both the acceleration of saturated triglyceride deoxygenation and the suppression of aromatic hydrocarbon formation.

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Increasing Octane Value in Catalytic Cracking of n-Hexadecane with Addition of *BEA Type Zeolite

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Hydrodeoxygenation of Xylose Isopropylidene Ketal Over Pd/HBEA Catalyst for the Production of Green Fuels

Hydrodeoxygenation of Xylose Isopropylidene Ketal Over Pd/HBEA Catalyst for the Production of Green Fuels

Catalytic cracking of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with hydrogen transfer reaction

Co-processing of Saturated and Unsaturated Triglycerides in Catalytic Cracking Process for Hydrocarbon Fuel Production

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