Increasing incidence and severity of invasive Group A streptococcal disease in Spanish children in 2019–2022

Cobo-Vázquez, Elvira; Carrasco-Colom, Jaime; Calvo, Cristina; Mellado, Isabel; Grandioso, David; Saavedra-Lozano, Jesús; Aguilera‐Alonso, David; Rincón, Elena; Jové, Ana; Cercenado, Emilia; Santaeufemia, F.J. Sanz; Gónzalez, María José; Sánchez, Elena; Blázquez, Daniel; Manzanares, Ángela; Valle, Rut Del; Cobo, Elvira; Caro, Gloria; Figueroa, Lucía; Llorente, Marta; Galán, Pilar; Berzosa, Arantxa; Illán, Marta; Carrasco, Jaime; Piqueras, Anabel; Oltra, Manuel; Rello, Victoria; Lung, Mayli; Gamell, Anna; López, Núria; Guarch, Borja; Hernández, Anna; Ruíz, Montse; García, Lourdes R.; Falcón, Lola; Martínez, Leticia; Martin, Laura B.; Carazo, Begoña; Sánchez-Códez, María Isabel; Alonso, Almudena; Cervantes, Eloisa; Menasalvas, Ana; Yagüe, Genoveva; Alzate, Laura Calle; Colino, Elena; Cuenca, Javier; Jiménez, Beatriz; Pareja, Marta; Castillo, Elena del

doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100597

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…S. pyogenes has also been reported to be the most common organism isolated in AM samples in the post-PCV era in other populations [7], and its incidence has increased in community-acquired pneumonia in Spain as well [11]. This increased incidence of S. pyogenes AM observed in our study before the COVID pandemic may be re ected in the increase of invasive S. pyogenes infections currently [12], which makes it crucial to develop an effective vaccine against this bacterium. Fusobacterium spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Changes in the epidemiology of acute mastoiditis according to the implementation of pneumococcal vaccination in a Spanish population

Manzanares

Aguilera‐Alonso

Santos-Sebastián

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of acute mastoiditis over a 20-year period (2000-2019) in the pediatric population attended in our institution, and to evaluate changes in the etiology according to the implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). Methods: Retrospective, observational study including children < 16 years diagnosed with acute mastoiditis between January 2000 and December 2019 at a tertiary hospital in Madrid (Spain). The study was grouped into four 5-year periods (2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014, and 2015-2019) and the percentage change (PC) in the incidence rate and in the prevalence of each microorganism isolated were estimated to characterize trends, with log-transformed data models. Result: 219 episodes from 209 patients were included. The incidence rate of AM remained stable during the study period, with an average of 2.2 cases/10,000 emergency department visits/year. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence of S. pneumoniae (PC: -22.4% [95% CI: −34.9, -7.4]; p=0.025), from 19% in the pre-PCV period (2000-2005) to 9% in the last period. Serotypes contained in the PCV13 significantly decrease from 92% in the pre-PCV13V period to 33% in the post-PCV13V period (p=0.022). S. pyogeneswas the main microorganism isolated in the last study period, showing a significant increase in its prevalence from 5% in the third to 19% in the last period (p=0.046). Conclusions: Although the incidence of AM in children remained stable in our study, the prevalence of S. pneumoniae significantly decreased in the post-PCV era, with S. pyogenesbecoming the main microorganism isolated after the implementation of PCV13.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Changes in the epidemiology of acute mastoiditis according to the implementation of pneumococcal vaccination in a Spanish population

Manzanares

Aguilera‐Alonso

Santos-Sebastián

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In December 2022, an alert reporting an unusual increase in non-invasive GAS and invasive GAS (iGAS) disease was published in the United Kingdom 2,3 . Other European countries have also reported a similar increase in GAS infections, including Spain [4][5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…There has been an increase in iGAS infections during the post-pandemic period in Europe, including Spain [4][5][6] . Within the Spanish PedGas-net cohort, we have observed the emergence of mediastinitis as a complication of iGAS in 1.3% of cases, which is the largest series published as far as we know.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediastinitis secondary to invasive infection by group A Streptococcus in Spain

Mellado-Sola,

Cobo-Vázquez,

Calvo-Fernández

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…We agree that the most plausible theory that could explain the high incidence of iGAS in children in UK is that respiratory viral infections may be associated with iGAS; therefore, seasonal influenza and COVID-19 may also have a very important role [ 3 ]. It is also possible that the exposure to Streptococci is reduced during the COVID-19 blockade, resulting in a lack of immunity to GAS in some children [ 1 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Unfortunately, iGAS has been responsible for the deaths of children in the UK over the past few months [ 1 , 2 ]. Meanwhile, the severity and number of iGAS cases in Spain and France increased significantly in 2022, compared to the pre-pandemic COVID-19 period [ 3 , 4 ].…”

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confidence: 99%