Increasing fish taxonomic and functional richness affects ecosystem properties of small headwater prairie streams

Martin, Erika C.; Gido, Keith B.; Bello, Nora M.; Dodds, Walter K.; Veach, Allison M.

doi:10.1111/fwb.12752

Cited by 16 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Mobile animals may be forced into the upper, oxygenated pool where they are more prone to predation, whereas plants and microbes must simply adjust to transient low O 2 concentrations. Fishes may congregate in the shallow pools and increase metabolic activity (Martin et al, 2016), at least until oxygen is depleted. Trophic complexity can increase N uptake (Bernot, Martin & Bernot, 2010a) and thus metabolism rates.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing whole‐stream metabolism: influence of spatial heterogeneity on rate estimates

et al. 2017

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Summary Whole‐stream metabolism has been estimated by measuring in‐stream oxygen (O2) concentrations since the method was introduced over 50 years ago. However, the influence of measurement location and estimation method on metabolism rates is understudied. We examined how the placement of O2 probes (i.e. depth, separation from the thalweg), differences in methodology (1‐station, 2‐station, area‐weighted) and reach lengths influenced estimated rates of whole‐stream metabolism in a tallgrass prairie watershed. Metabolism estimates made in the thalweg differed from estimates made in backwaters due to disconnection in flow, and estimates made in deep pools differed from surface estimates due to thermal stratification (temporary flow disconnection). The 1‐station respiration estimates differed from short 2‐station reach‐scale estimates (c. 20 m) but were more similar to larger 2‐station reach‐scale estimates (c. 100 m). In contrast, the 1‐station gross primary production was most similar to the short 2‐station reaches occurring immediately upstream and became less similar at longer 2‐station reach lengths. The different estimation methodologies (1‐station, 2‐station, area‐weighted) accounting for the longest reach scale did not result in different metabolism rates. The temporary phenomena of thermal stratification of stream pools during a warm day, which disconnected pool bottoms from the surface waters, likely affected not only the pool estimates but also estimates made in the downstream thalweg (i.e. an O2 deficit accrued from respiration during the day in the bottom of the pool abruptly moved downstream during mixing). Oxygen probe placement mattered and affected rate estimates according to habitat type and reach length (i.e. scale) due to the influence of small‐scale heterogeneity on community respiration. Selection of reach length can be critical for studies depending on whether local heterogeneity is of interest or should be averaged. We conclude that the intuitive use of thalwegs and reaches that are at least 10 times the stream width are likely appropriate for whole‐stream metabolism estimates, although the exact reach length necessary and potential stream‐specific characteristics, such as stratified pools, need to be carefully considered in probe placement. We encourage other studies to report the placement characteristics of O2 probes in streams as well as consider the potential confounding factor of local habitat heterogeneity.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing whole‐stream metabolism: influence of spatial heterogeneity on rate estimates

et al. 2017

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“…Several other studies have similarly shown that herbivorous fish can reduce periphyton, both on a small scale (e.g. Flecker et al., 2002; Martin et al., 2016; Schneck et al., 2013; Veach et al., 2018; Wootton & Oemke, 1992) and on a mesohabitat scale (Gelwick & Matthews, 1992; Power et al., 1985,1989; Stewart, 1987). However, compared to the mean hyporheic oxygen concentration, which was more than twice as high in enclosures stocked with nase than in those without fish stocking, the reduction in the mean AFDM was rather small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In North and South American streams, strong direct effects of herbivorous fish on periphyton have been observed both in small‐scale experiments (Flecker et al., 2002; Martin, Gido, Bello, Dodds, & Veach, 2016; Schneck, Schwarzbold, & Melo, 2013; Veach, Troia, Jumpponen, & Dodds, 2018; Wootton & Oemke, 1992) and on a mesohabitat scale (Gelwick & Matthews, 1992; Power, Dudley, & Cooper, 1989; Power, Matthews, & Stewart, 1985; Stewart, 1987). Grazing fish were also shown to reduce the filament lengths of filamentous green algae (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grazing fish were also shown to reduce the filament lengths of filamentous green algae (e.g. Bertrand & Gido, 2007; Martin et al., 2016; Murdock, Dodds, Gido, & Whiles, 2011). In Central European rivers, the large cypriniform common nase Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae) is the only obligate herbivorous fish species (Vater, 1997) and it is specialised for feeding on periphyton (Corse et al., 2010; Freyhof, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cypriniform fish in running waters reduce hyporheic oxygen depletion in a eutrophic river

et al. 2020

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“…As such it is also likely to be of general importance to the functional integrity and productivity of many if not most northern lacustrine ecosystems (e.g. Martin, Gido, Bello, Dodds, & Veach, 2016). To take SIPD into account in general conservation policy and local conservation initiatives (Poulin & Pérez-Ponce de León, 2017), it is necessary to understand its full extent and nature in lakes, as well as its evolutionary origins and significance.…”

Section: Conservation Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique sympatric quartet of limnetic, benthic, profundal and piscivorous brown trout populations resolved by 3D sampling and focused molecular marker selection

et al. 2018

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The full extent of sympatric intraspecific population diversity (SIPD) i.e. structuring into multiple genetically distinct Mendelian populations, remains uncertain for most lacustrine fish species, particularly in northern lakes. However, increasing application of molecular genetics is advancing understanding and has shown both that many known intraspecific sympatric lacustrine morphological and behavioural polymorphisms represent SIPD, and resolved the existence of phenotypically cryptic structuring. Uncertainty remains as only a few northern lakes have been comprehensively surveyed and existing studies focus on known phenotypic polymorphisms or exploit ad hoc field sampling, marker selection and data analysis methods. Such unfocused approaches constrain resolving power and increase the likelihood of failing to detect SIPD when present. Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in a previously unstudied Scottish lake were collected by 3D stratified random netting. They were screened with both an arbitrary set of molecular markers and markers pre‐selected for their ability to resolve regional allopatric brown trout population structuring and data analysed by both Bayesian and non‐Bayesian approaches. Depth clines for mitochondrial and microsatellite markers variation were observed and found to arise from different, but overlapping, depth distributions of four genetically distinct piscivorous, limnetic, shallow benthic, and profundal benthic populations. This is the highest number of ecologically and phenotypically distinct sympatric brown populations identified in any lake to date, and includes the first reported profundal benthic form. The detection of the SIPD in Loch Laidon depended critically on the random 3D sampling and using markers preselected for their power to differentiate regional allopatric populations of trout, as well as aided by using both Bayesian and non‐Bayesian analytical approaches. The findings support the view that the extent of ecologically and evolutionarily significant SIPD is probably underestimated in brown trout and other fish species, and probably is a significant component of the biodiversity in many northern hemisphere lakes.

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Increasing fish taxonomic and functional richness affects ecosystem properties of small headwater prairie streams

Cited by 16 publications

References 53 publications

Probing whole‐stream metabolism: influence of spatial heterogeneity on rate estimates

Probing whole‐stream metabolism: influence of spatial heterogeneity on rate estimates

Cypriniform fish in running waters reduce hyporheic oxygen depletion in a eutrophic river

Unique sympatric quartet of limnetic, benthic, profundal and piscivorous brown trout populations resolved by 3D sampling and focused molecular marker selection

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