Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis

Carco, Caterina; Young, Wayne; Gearry, Richard B.; Talley, Nicholas J.; McNabb, Warren C.; Roy, Nicole C.

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00468

Cited by 71 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 275 publications

(367 reference statements)

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“…IBS has a considerably high prevalence, globally of 11% (Lovell and Ford, 2012), with main features of impaired bowel habit, and persistent or recurrent abdominal pains (Carco et al, 2020). IBD comprising ulcerative and Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the GI tract, and in developing countries has an ascending prevalence (Zuo and Ng, 2018).…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Caused by (SARS-CoV-2) Infections: A Real Challenge for Human Gut Microbiota

Vodnar

Mitrea

Teleky

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The current COVID-19 pandemic is a great challenge for worldwide researchers in the human microbiota area because the mechanisms and long-term effects of the infection at the GI level are not yet deeply understood. In the current review, scientific literature including original research articles, clinical studies, epidemiological reports, and review-type articles concerning human intestinal infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the possible consequences on the microbiota were reviewed. Moreover, the following aspects pertaining to COVID-19 have also been discussed: transmission, resistance in the human body, the impact of nutritional status in relation to the intestinal microbiota, and the impact of comorbid metabolic disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBS), obesity, and type two diabetes (T2D). The articles investigated show that health, age, and nutritional status are associated with specific communities of bacterial species in the gut, which could influence the clinical course of COVID-19 infection. Fecal microbiota alterations were associated with fecal concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 severity. Patients suffering from metabolic and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are thought to be at a moderate-to-high risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2, indicating the direct implication of gut dysbiosis in COVID-19 severity. However, additional efforts are required to identify the initial GI symptoms of COVID-19 for possible early intervention.

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Section: Gastrointestinal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Caused by (SARS-CoV-2) Infections: A Real Challenge for Human Gut Microbiota

Vodnar

Mitrea

Teleky

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…The main SCFA-producing bacteria in the gut are obligate anaerobes [ 9 ]. Culture-based and molecular studies discovered that IBS is accompanied by a lesser extent of diversity of microbial populations and altered proportion of bacterial groups which included decreased levels of fecal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, increased levels of facultative anaerobic bacteria dominated by streptococci and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), increased ratios of Firmicutes : Bacteroidetes and higher counts of anaerobic organisms (such as Clostridium ) [ 10 ]. SCFAs are used by the microbiota for growth and maintenance of host cellular functions [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short chain fatty acids and colon motility in a mouse model of irritable bowel syndrome

et al. 2021

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Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is defined as a multifactorial disorder associated with visceral hypersensitivity, altered gut motility and dysfunction of the brain-gut axis. Gut microbiota and its metabolites are proposed as possible etiological factors of IBS. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induce both inhibitory and stimulatory action on colon motility, however, their effects on the IBS model were not investigated. The aim of our study was to investigate the level of SFCAs in feces and their effects on colon motility in a mouse model of IBS. Methods IBS model was induced in mice by intracolonic infusion of 1% acetic acid during the early postnatal period. Mice colon hypersensitivity was assessed by the threshold of the abdominal withdrawal reflex in response to colorectal distention. Colon contractility was studied using proximal colon specimens in isometric conditions. Transit rates were assessed by the pellet propulsion in the isolated colon. Concentrations of SCFAs in feces were measured using gas–liquid chromatography. Results The concentration of SCFAs in feces of IBS model mice was higher compared to the control group. Visceral sensitivity to colorectal distension and colonic transit rate were increased indicating IBS with predominant diarrhea. The frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contractions of proximal colon segments from IBS mice were higher, but carbachol induced contractions were lower compared to control. During acute application of SCFAs (sodium propionate, sodium acetate or butyric acid) dose-dependently (0.5–30 mM) decreased tonic tension, frequency and amplitude of spontaneous and carbachol-evoked contractions. In the mouse IBS group the inhibitory effects SCFAs on spontaneous and carbachol-evoked contractions were less pronounced. At the same time intraluminal administration of butyrate (5 mM) increased the transit rate in the colon of both groups, but its stimulatory effect was more pronounced in mouse IBS model group. Conclusion Our data indicate that the increased transit rate in the mouse IBS model group is associated with a disbalance of activating and inhibiting action of SCFAs due to chronically elevated SCFA levels, which may impact the pathogenesis of IBS with predominant diarrhea syndrome.

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“…Moreover, in contrary to patients with normal transit, patients with chronic constipation presented methanogenic bacteria producing more methane, which slows colonic transit. This is a compelling evidence of the impact of dysbiosis on constipation [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. As a consequence of growing popularity of probiotics, some patients use Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus .…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Chronic Constipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Overview on Clinical Management of Chronic Constipation

Włodarczyk

Waśniewska

Fichna

et al. 2021

JCM

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Constipation is one of the major gastrointestinal disorders diagnosed in clinical practice in Western countries. Almost 20% of population suffer from this disorder, which means constipation is a substantial utilization of healthcare. Pathophysiology of constipation is complex and multifactorial, where aspects like disturbance in colonic transit, genetic predisposition, lifestyle habits, psychological distress, and many others need to be taken into consideration. Diagnosis of constipation is troublesome and requires thorough accurate examination. A nonpharmacological approach, education of the patient about the importance of lifestyle changes like diet and sport activity state, are the first line of therapy. In case of ineffective treatment, pharmacological treatments such as laxatives, secretagogues, serotonergic agonists, and many other medications should be induced. If pharmacologic treatment fails, the definitive solution for constipation might be surgical approach. Commonness of this disorder, costs of medical care and decrease in quality life cause constipation is a serious issue for many specialists. The aim of this review is to present current knowledge of chronic constipation and management of this disorder.

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Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis

Cited by 71 publications

References 275 publications

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Caused by (SARS-CoV-2) Infections: A Real Challenge for Human Gut Microbiota

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Caused by (SARS-CoV-2) Infections: A Real Challenge for Human Gut Microbiota

Short chain fatty acids and colon motility in a mouse model of irritable bowel syndrome

Current Overview on Clinical Management of Chronic Constipation

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