Increasing Diversity Within Increasing Diversity: the Changing Ethnic Composition of London's Neighbourhoods, 2001–2011

Johnston, Ron; Poulsen, Michael; Forrest, James

doi:10.1002/psp.1838

Cited by 44 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…By 2011 the figures were 30.4% (+7.6), 13.6% (+5.1), 11.1% (+3.5), 14.3% (+2.6) and 16.2% (+5.7), respectively. This is consistent with the spreading-out of these groups amongst the wider population (Johnston et al, 2013b), although for Black Caribbeans the value represents a decrease from the 2001 peak of 17.0%.…”

Section: Changes Since 1991 and 2001supporting

confidence: 88%

The changing interaction of ethnic and socio-economic segregation in England and Wales, 1991–2011

2015

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Following the publication of the 2001 and 2011 Census data, considerable attention has been given to patterns of ethnic residential segregation within the UK. The evidence contributes to debates about integration; however, as Kapoor (2013) has argued, discussion about it also risks promoting the idea that what we measure is voluntary segregation, arising from the outcome of residential choices and a preference to live with one's ethno-cultural peers. In reality, ethnic and social segregation overlap and are easily confounded; it is important to pay attention to where they geographically coincide. In this paper we use an area typology to assess whether minority ethnic groups are disproportionately concentrated in neighbourhoods in England and Wales containing the lowest proportions of their adult populations in full-time employment, and evaluate how those concentrations have changed between 1991 and 2011. We consider the (residential) exposure of the ethnic groups to the White British and also to each other, and identify the groups affected by the persistence of economic disadvantage. The analysis shows that patterns of ethnic segregation intersect strongly with neighbourhoods of socio-economic disadvantage, with inequalities in the labour market and the increase of part-time working suggested as contributing factors. A decreased exposure to the White British is an increased characteristic of the disadvantaged neighbourhoods where minority groups live. However, exposure between those groups has increased.

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Section: Changes Since 1991 and 2001supporting

confidence: 88%

The changing interaction of ethnic and socio-economic segregation in England and Wales, 1991–2011

2015

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“…Change in White British segregation levels has thus been interpreted here in the context of new ethnic group mixing in less diverse locales. Johnston et al (2015) demonstrate this new mixing in predominately White spaces in London. To add to our understanding of this change, the following section explores residential mixing between every ethnic group, White British and minority.…”

Section: Change In Minority Ethnic Spreadmentioning

confidence: 92%

Exploring a decade of small area ethnic (de-)segregation in England and Wales

Catney

2015

Urban Studies

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Claims of the self-segregation of minority ethnic groups during the early 2000s were much critiqued in the British academic literature, which pointed instead to decreasing ethnic segregation via the rather benign demographic processes of births and deaths, and internal migration from urban clusters. Despite the attention that these opposing debates received, a detailed study of change in ethnic residential segregation during the period has yet to be undertaken for the whole of England and Wales, and the recent release of 2011 Census data has now made this possible. This paper contributes to the literature by providing a systematic overview of national-level change in residential segregation in a changing socio-political climate, considering how minority ethnic distributions have altered in the last decade. The paper explores the specific case of England and Wales, but in doing so makes a contribution to our understanding of the contemporary evolution of ethnic geographies and the dynamics of diverse places, beyond this specific region. Using a commonly employed measure of spatial unevenness, the Index of Dissimilarity, at the smallest possible geographical level, the findings demonstrate how there has been increased residential mixing between each ethnic group (the White British majority and all minority groups), and that urban locales have experienced a decrease in segregation between 2001 and 2011. The findings disturb the association of ethnic diversity with ethnic divisions in (particularly urban) space and provide support for the somewhat 'every day' processes of de-segregation, rather than a cause for concern over increasingly entrenched neighbourhoods.

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“…For Britain, studies of the geographical dimensions of ethnic group dynamics include analyses of the spatial distributions of ethnic groups, such as relative levels of residential segregation (Rees & Butt, ; Simpson, ; Johnston et al ., , ; Catney, 2015a, 2015b), the processes behind these patterns including internal migration (Simpson & Finney, ; Stillwell & McNulty, ), and more critical assessments of the meaning and relevance of these issues (Finney & Simpson, ). Rees and Butt () compared ethnic group distributions in England in the 1980s and 1990s, finding the former to be a period of concentration in metropolitan areas, while the latter marked the beginning of an increased geographical spread of minority groups and growth outside their most populous areas.…”

Section: Diversity In Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Johnston et al . () demonstrated how London's neighbourhoods had become more ethnically mixed between 2001 and 2011. This paper aims to build on this body of research that has made considerable contributions to our understanding of demographic change, by exploring specifically how ethnic diversity has expanded its geographical boundaries over time.…”

Section: Diversity In Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the exception of the White group over the periods 1991 to 2001 and 2001 to 2011, and the Chinese group between 2001 and 2011, growth has been consistently highest in areas where the ethnic group is least populous. In line with the study of ethnic concentration in London between 2001 and 2011 by Johnston et al (), these findings suggest greater ethnic mixing in small areas over time. For several minority ethnic groups, this pattern is most obvious for the most recent decade, where growth in the most concentrated areas is much lower than in other areas.…”

Section: Geographic Spread Of Ethnic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Changing Geographies of Ethnic Diversity in England and Wales, 1991–2011

Catney

2015

Population Space and Place

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While ethnic diversity is traditionally an urban characteristic, new spaces of diversity are emerging. This challenges our current understandings of the geographies of ethnic diversity and forces us to consider the more intricate spatial patterns and processes of ethnic group population change. Ethnic diversity, now a key feature of contemporary society in Britain, is an issue of public, policy, political, and academic interest; the 2011 Census provided an opportunity to update our knowledge of how diversity has grown, and in what ways. This paper explores the new geographies of ethnic diversity in England and Wales, mapping the evolving landscape of diversity over two decades. The paper makes use of measures of diversity and clustering for small areas (wards) for consistent geographies for 1991–2011, and for the most recent decade using a district level urban–rural area classification. There is evidence of a spreading out of ethnic diversity from urban centres towards areas traditionally less diverse. Spatial mixing has increased – the period also saw a growth of minority ethnic groups in areas outside own‐group clusters. The increased share of all ethnic groups (White British and minority) in less urban areas challenges claims of ‘White flight’ from diversity. Increased ethnic diversity is clearly an important feature of contemporary population change, and the coming years are likely to see continued mixing between people and within places – and in new locales. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Increasing Diversity Within Increasing Diversity: the Changing Ethnic Composition of London's Neighbourhoods, 2001–2011

Cited by 44 publications

References 37 publications

The changing interaction of ethnic and socio-economic segregation in England and Wales, 1991–2011

The changing interaction of ethnic and socio-economic segregation in England and Wales, 1991–2011

Exploring a decade of small area ethnic (de-)segregation in England and Wales

The Changing Geographies of Ethnic Diversity in England and Wales, 1991–2011

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