Increasing contributions of airborne route in SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant transmission compared with the ancestral strain

Ji, Shuyi; Wang, Huaibin; Lei, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109328

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…The emergence of Omicron sublineages (BA.1, BA.2, to BA.4 and BA.5) of increasing transmissibility [ 11 ] has resulted in explosive outbreaks in the community [ [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] ]. Models simulating the household setting underscored the contribution of airborne transmission of the Omicron variant, especially during asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infection, as compared with the ancestral strain [ 16 ]. HCWs could also be infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the community, especially during the Omicron wave.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of healthcare workers despite a high vaccination rate during the fifth wave of COVID-19 due to Omicron variant in Hong Kong

Wong¹,

Chan²,

Yuen³

et al. 2023

Infection Prevention in Practice

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of healthcare workers despite a high vaccination rate during the fifth wave of COVID-19 due to Omicron variant in Hong Kong

Wong¹,

Chan²,

Yuen³

et al. 2023

Infection Prevention in Practice

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“…Hence, these fine aerosols may play an essential role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission [62][63][64]. Studies have suggested that direct transmission through inhalation of the infected droplets and contact route is the most common cause of the virus spread [65]. A detailed literature analysis shows no evidence of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through household waste, and the implementation of proper waste management methods along with health requirements and monitoring does not pose the risk of transmission of COVID-19.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Transmission and Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sars-cov-2 Transmission and Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Role of Environmental Factors on the Survival, Stability, and Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and Their Contribution to COVID-19 Outbreak: A Review

et al. 2022

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Studies conducted in the last four years show conflicting findings on the role of the environment in the survival, stability, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Based on the current evidence, the factors that affect the severity of COVID-19 include host interaction, environmental stability, virus volume, stability, transmission, social interactions, and restriction measures. Moreover, the persistence of the virus depends on different environmental conditions, videlicet temperature, humidity, pH, salinity, and solar radiation. The outbreak of respiratory viruses is related mainly to temperature and humidity, and geographical locations (latitude). In SARS-CoV-2, mainly temperature and humidity seem to play a fundamental role. Moreover, studies have indicated that social health factors such as equitable health systems, hygiene, and underlying diseases have played a pivotal role in the incidence and outbreak of COVID-19. Therefore, addressing health issues associated with reducing SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks plays an essential role in global health. In contrast, the environmental stimuli of the COVID-19 outbreak are mainly unknown. Given the ongoing threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to understand the stimuli to respond quickly to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants while implementing long-term and sustainable control strategies. This review discusses the role of environmental factors and health conditions in the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2.

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“…Interestingly, Omicron spike protein (structural study [ 6 ]) and Omicron virions (functional study [ 7 ]) are more stable with respect to previous strains. It has also been estimated in a computer modeling study [ 8 ] that Omicron variant airborne transmission contributed to 34–38% of asymptomatic-pre-symptomatic phase diagnose, with respect to a negligible contribution (less than 10%) to the symptomatic COVID-19 phase, when droplet transmission is predominant (asymptomatic-pre-symptomatic stage: 21–28%; symptomatic stage: 48–71%); finally, the contact role is similar in the two disease conditions (asymptomatic-pre-symptomatic stage: 37–45%; symptomatic stage: 25–42%). This difference could be due to the size of particle emitted; indeed, in asymptomatic-pre-symptomatic infection, the virus was spread through breathing and talking (droplets < 10 μm), while during the symptomatic disease, coughing and sneezing predominates, characterized by larger dimensions that tend to deposit on surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operative Protocol for Testing the Efficacy of Nasal Filters in Preventing Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Semeraro

Gaetano

Zupin

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Standardized methods for testing Viral Filtration Efficiency (VFE) of tissues and devices are lacking and few studies are available on aerosolizing, sampling and assessing infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in controlled laboratory settings. NanoAg-coated endonasal filters appear a promising aid for lowering viable virus inhalation in both adult and younger populations (e.g., adolescents). Objective: to provide an adequate method for testing SARS-CoV-2 bioaerosol VFE of bio-gel Ag nanoparticles endonasal filters, by a model system, assessing residual infectivity as cytopathic effect and viral proliferation on in vitro cell cultures. Methods: A SARS-CoV-2 aerosol transmission chamber fed by a BLAM aerosol generator produces challenges (from very high viral loads (105 PFU/mL) to lower ones) for endonasal filters positioned in a Y shape sampling port connected to a Biosampler. An aerosol generator, chamber and sampler are contained in a class II cabinet in a BSL3 facility. Residual infectivity is assessed from aliquots of liquid collecting bioaerosol, sampled without and with endonasal filters. Cytopathic effect as plaque formation and viral proliferation assessed by qRT-PCR on Vero E6 cells are determined up to 7 days post inoculum. Results: Each experimental setting is replicated three times and basic statistics are calculated. Efficiency of aerosolization is determined as difference between viral load in the nebulizer and in the Biosampler at the first day of experiment. Efficiency of virus filtration is calculated as RNA viral load ratio in collected bioaerosol with and without endonasal filters at the day of the experiment. Presence of infectious virus is assessed by plaque forming unit assay and RNA viral load variations. Conclusions: A procedure and apparatus for assessing SARS-CoV-2 VFE for endonasal filters is proposed. The apparatus can be implemented for more sophisticated studies on contaminated aerosols.

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Increasing contributions of airborne route in SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant transmission compared with the ancestral strain

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Infection of healthcare workers despite a high vaccination rate during the fifth wave of COVID-19 due to Omicron variant in Hong Kong

Infection of healthcare workers despite a high vaccination rate during the fifth wave of COVID-19 due to Omicron variant in Hong Kong

Investigating the Role of Environmental Factors on the Survival, Stability, and Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and Their Contribution to COVID-19 Outbreak: A Review

Operative Protocol for Testing the Efficacy of Nasal Filters in Preventing Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

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