Increasing arbovirus risk in Chile and neighboring countries in the Southern Cone of South America

Estallo, Elizabet L.; Sippy, Rachel; Robert, Michael A.; Ayala, Salvador; Barboza Pizard, Carlos J.; Pérez-Estigarribia, Pastor E.; Stewart-Ibarra, Anna M.

doi:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100542

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Ae. aegypti possesses biological and ecological characteristics that make it an efficient vector for DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV, contributing to significant epidemics in Latin America in recent years (Estallo et al, 2023). Consequently, MAYV transmission may depend on multiple factors, including highly infectious humans, changes in mosquito vector competence, virus mutation and…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The virus has caused sporadic outbreaks in Latin American countries, with occasional imported cases to Europe and North America (Acosta-Ampudia et al, 2018). Although MAYV infection in humans results in acute febrile illness with rash and arthralgia (Tesh et al, 1999), its symptoms often overlap with those of other arboviruses such as DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV (Estallo et al, 2023;Zuchi et al, 2014), leading to frequent misdiagnoses (Acosta-Ampudia et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Mayaro virus vector competence of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) populations in Argentine using dose–response assays

Beranek,

Giayetto,

Fischer

et al. 2024

Medical Vet Entomology

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Mayaro virus (MAYV; Alphavirus: Togaviridae) is an emerging pathogen in Latin America, causing fever and polyarthritis. Sporadic outbreaks of MAYV have occurred in the region, with reported human cases being imported to Europe and North America. Although primarily a risk for those residing in the Amazon basin's tropical forests, recent reports highlight that urbanization would increase the risk of MAYV transmission in Latin America. Urban emergence depends on human susceptibility and the ability of mosquitos like Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit MAYV. Despite the absence of active MAYV transmission in Argentine, the risk of introduction is substantial due to human movement and the presence of Ae. aegypti in the region. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of different Argentine Ae. aegypti populations to MAYV genotype L (MAYV‐L) using dose–response assays and determine barriers to virus infection, dissemination and transmission. Immature mosquito stages were collected in Buenos Aires, Córdoba and Rosario cities. Female Ae. aegypti (F2) were orally infected by feeding on five concentrations of MAYV‐L, ranging from 1.0 to 6.0 log10 PFU/mL. Abdomens, legs and saliva were analysed using viral plaque assays. Results revealed that MAYV‐L between infection and dissemination were associated with viral doses rather than the population origin. Infection rates varied between 3% and 65%, with a 50% infectious dose >5.5 log10 PFU/mL. Dissemination occurred at 39%, with a 50% dissemination dose of ~6.0 log10 PFU/mL. Dissemination among infected mosquitoes ranged from 60% to 86%, and transmission from disseminated mosquitoes ranged from 11% to 20%. Argentine Ae. aegypti populations exhibited a need for higher viral doses of MAYV‐L than those typically found in humans to become infected. In addition, only a small proportion of infected mosquitoes were capable of transmitting the virus. Understanding MAYV transmission in urban areas is crucial for public health interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Mayaro virus vector competence of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) populations in Argentine using dose–response assays

Beranek,

Giayetto,

Fischer

et al. 2024

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…aegypti in the highlands of Bolivia (Cochabamba, 2,558 m), the expansion of the vector’s distribution in new regions of Chile (e.g. Parinacota and Los Andes in Valparaíso Region), the identification of local Chikungunya transmission in Uruguay in 2023 [ 68 ], and a notable increase in arbovirus activity in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil [ 69 ]. These expansions are attributable to climate change, heightening the potential for future transmission in previously unaffected areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global seroprevalence of Zika virus in asymptomatic individuals: A systematic review

Saba Villarroel,

Hamel,

Gumpangseth

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread to five of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. Given the substantial number of asymptomatic infections and clinical presentations resembling those of other arboviruses, estimating the true burden of ZIKV infections is both challenging and essential. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of seroprevalence studies of ZIKV IgG in asymptomatic population to estimate its global impact and distribution. Methodology/Principal findings We conducted extensive searches and compiled a collection of articles published from Jan/01/2000, to Jul/31/2023, from Embase, Pubmed, SciELO, and Scopus databases. The random effects model was used to pool prevalences, reported with their 95% confidence interval (CI), a tool to assess the risk of study bias in prevalence studies, and the I2 method for heterogeneity (PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023442227). Eighty-four studies from 49 countries/territories, with a diversity of study designs and serological tests were included. The global seroprevalence of ZIKV was 21.0% (95%CI 16.1%-26.4%). Evidence of IgG antibodies was identified in all WHO regions, except for Europe. Seroprevalence correlated with the epidemics in the Americas (39.9%, 95%CI:30.0–49.9), and in some Western Pacific countries (15.6%, 95%CI:8.2–24.9), as well as with recent and past circulation in Southeast Asia (22.8%, 95%CI:16.5–29.7), particularly in Thailand. Additionally, sustained low circulation was observed in Africa (8.4%, 95%CI:4.8–12.9), except for Gabon (43.7%), and Burkina Faso (22.8%). Although no autochthonous transmission was identified in the Eastern Mediterranean, a seroprevalence of 16.0% was recorded. Conclusions/Significance The study highlights the high heterogeneity and gaps in the distribution of seroprevalence. The implementation of standardized protocols and the development of tests with high specificity are essential for ensuring a valid comparison between studies. Equally crucial are vector surveillance and control methods to reduce the risk of emerging and re-emerging ZIKV outbreaks, whether caused by Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus or by the Asian or African ZIKV.

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“…Rather than placing the onus solely on resource-constrained countries, collective efforts leverage the strengths of international organizations, neighboring countries, and global health networks. Programs like PAHO’s successful campaigns against other infectious diseases serve as a model for how collaboration and resource-sharing can yield substantial public health dividends [ 63 , 84 , 85 ]. Sustained collaborations across disciplines and across countries, like those supported by the NIH NIAID CREID network or virtually organized efforts like Museums and Emerging Pathogens in the Americas (MEPA), have shored up interdisciplinary collaborations to better understand complex interactions between agriculture and land use change, host ecology, and virology, and their change over time [ 86 , 87 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of emerging health threats from zoonotic New World mammarenaviruses

Lendino,

Castellanos,

Pigott

et al. 2024

BMC Microbiol

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Despite repeated spillover transmission and their potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality in human hosts, the New World mammarenaviruses remain largely understudied. These viruses are endemic to South America, with animal reservoir hosts covering large geographic areas and whose transmission ecology and spillover potential are driven in part by land use change and agriculture that put humans in regular contact with zoonotic hosts.We compiled published studies about Guanarito virus, Junin virus, Machupo virus, Chapare virus, Sabia virus, and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus to review the state of knowledge about the viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by New World mammarenaviruses. We summarize what is known about rodent reservoirs, the conditions of spillover transmission for each of these pathogens, and the characteristics of human populations at greatest risk for hemorrhagic fever diseases. We also review the implications of repeated outbreaks and biosecurity concerns where these diseases are endemic, and steps that countries can take to strengthen surveillance and increase capacity of local healthcare systems. While there are unique risks posed by each of these six viruses, their ecological and epidemiological similarities suggest common steps to mitigate spillover transmission and better contain future outbreaks.

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Increasing arbovirus risk in Chile and neighboring countries in the Southern Cone of South America

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Assessment of Mayaro virus vector competence of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) populations in Argentine using dose–response assays

Assessment of Mayaro virus vector competence of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) populations in Argentine using dose–response assays

Global seroprevalence of Zika virus in asymptomatic individuals: A systematic review

A review of emerging health threats from zoonotic New World mammarenaviruses

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