Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance and Narrowing Therapeutics in Typhoidal Salmonellae

Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella enterica servars in Southern Delhi

“…25 Dihydrfolate reductase VII and TEM-1 beta lactamase were found responsible for conferring resistance to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. 26 In India, MDR was first reported in Mumbai in 1990, an outbreak came to known as dombivalli fever. 27 In our study, chloramphenicol was found to be sensitive in 87.4% strains which is consistent with other studies 28 where higher resistance of have also been reported.…”

“…24 It has negligible relapse rate and a favourable outpatient outcome, defervesence is rapid and represents potential alternative in paedetric population for whom quinolone are contraindicated. 26 Non availability of breakpoint concentration of azithromycin for Salmonella in most standard antibiotic guideline make the laboratory interpretation difficult. 38 Carbapenems can be given and found effective.…”

“…This is a new challenge and has become a matter of concern Amp C beta lactamase producing S. Typhi has also been reported . 26 Treatment option are becoming limited with increasing resistance for third and fourth generation cephalosporin.…”

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“…D r u g r e s i s t a n c e p o s e s a t h e r a p e u t i c problem not only in the hospital settings, but also in the community as most of the bacteria have acquired resistance to multiple antibiotics. [1,2] The various mechanisms of drug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria include extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) production, AmpC β-lactamase production, efflux mechanism and porin deficiency. In the clinical laboratory settings, the commonly detected enzymes causing resistance are AmpC β-lactamases and ESBLs.…”

Pattern of Antimicrobial Susceptibility for Salmonella Typhi in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from 2013-2014

“…Because of the difficulties in preventing typhoid fever by public health measures or immunization in developing countries, great reliance is placed on antimicrobial chemotherapy. 5 Nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella typhi with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin is now endemic in India and neighboring countries. 2 Failure to treat an infection properly leads to prolong illness, thus increasing the chance of developing a carrier state in which persons are contagious and able to spread the resistant strain to others.…”