Increasing Antarctic Sea Ice under Warming Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions

Zhang, Jinlun

doi:10.1175/jcli4136.1

Cited by 188 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…4A). In a weakly stratified Southern Ocean, the ocean heat flux induced ice melt decreases faster than the ice growth, allowing an increase in the net ice production (20). Compared to the 1950s, the simulated total precipitation (liquid precipitation and snowfall) is increased in much of the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean in the 1990s (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated warming of the Southern Ocean and its impacts on the hydrological cycle and sea ice

Liu

Curry

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

128

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The observed sea surface temperature in the Southern Ocean shows a substantial warming trend for the second half of the 20th century. Associated with the warming, there has been an enhanced atmospheric hydrological cycle in the Southern Ocean that results in an increase of the Antarctic sea ice for the past three decades through the reduced upward ocean heat transport and increased snowfall. The simulated sea surface temperature variability from two global coupled climate models for the second half of the 20th century is dominated by natural internal variability associated with the Antarctic Oscillation, suggesting that the models' internal variability is too strong, leading to a response to anthropogenic forcing that is too weak. With increased loading of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere through the 21st century, the models show an accelerated warming in the Southern Ocean, and indicate that anthropogenic forcing exceeds natural internal variability. The increased heating from below (ocean) and above (atmosphere) and increased liquid precipitation associated with the enhanced hydrological cycle results in a projected decline of the Antarctic sea ice.sea surface temperature | precipitation | Antarctic sea ice

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated warming of the Southern Ocean and its impacts on the hydrological cycle and sea ice

Liu

Curry

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

128

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“…SAT and cloud fraction are used to calculate downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation following Parkinson and Washington (1979). More model details are found in Zhang (2007) and Zhang and Rothrock (2003).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Impact of Wind Intensification on Antarctic Sea Ice Volume

Zhang

2014

Journal of Climate

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A global sea ice-ocean model is used to examine the impact of wind intensification on Antarctic sea ice volume. Based on the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, there are increases in surface wind speed (0.13% yr 21 ) and convergence (0.66% yr 21 ) over the ice-covered areas of the Southern Ocean during the period 1979-2010.Driven by the intensifying winds, the model simulates an increase in sea ice speed, convergence, and shear deformation rate, which produces an increase in ridge ice production in the Southern Ocean (1.1% yr 21). The increased ridged ice production is mostly in the Weddell, Bellingshausen, Amundsen, and Ross Seas where an increase in wind convergence dominates. The increase in ridging production contributes to an increase in the volume of thick ice (thickness . 2 m) in the Southern Ocean, while the volumes of thin ice (thickness # 1 m) and medium thick ice (1 m , thickness # 2 m) remain unchanged over the period 1979-2010. The increase in thick ice leads to an increase in ice volume in the Southern Ocean, particularly in the southern Weddell Sea where a significant increase in ice concentration is observed. The simulated increase in either the thick ice volume (0.91% yr 21 ) or total ice volume (0.46% yr 21 ) is significantly greater than other ice parameters (simulated or observed) such as ice extent (0.14-0.21% yr 21 ) or ice area fraction (0.24%-0.28% yr 21 ), suggesting that ice volume is a potentially strong measure of change.

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“…However, the model experiments of Sigmond and Fyfe (2010) gave a year-round decrease of ice when stratospheric ozone was reduced, suggesting that the increase is likely caused by processes not linked to stratospheric ozone depletion. A possible role for the ocean in the increase of ice was proposed by Zhang (2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Initial Assessment of Antarctic Sea Ice Extent in the CMIP5 Models

et al. 2013

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This paper examines the annual cycle and trends in Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) for 18 models used in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that were run with historical forcing for the 1850s to 2005. Many of the models have an annual SIE cycle that differs markedly from that observed over the last 30 years. The majority of models have too small of an SIE at the minimum in February, while several of the models have less than two-thirds of the observed SIE at the September maximum. In contrast to the satellite data, which exhibit a slight increase in SIE, the mean SIE of the models over 1979-2005 shows a decrease in each month, with the greatest multimodel mean percentage monthly decline of 13.6% decade

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Increasing Antarctic Sea Ice under Warming Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions

Cited by 188 publications

References 31 publications

Accelerated warming of the Southern Ocean and its impacts on the hydrological cycle and sea ice

Accelerated warming of the Southern Ocean and its impacts on the hydrological cycle and sea ice

Modeling the Impact of Wind Intensification on Antarctic Sea Ice Volume

An Initial Assessment of Antarctic Sea Ice Extent in the CMIP5 Models

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