Increasing Al-Tolerance of Sugarcane Using Ethyl Methane Sulphonate and In Vitro Selection in the Low pH Media

Abstract

a b s t r a c tIncreased production of sugarcane in Indonesia can be done with extensification sugarcane plantations which largely dominated by acidic upland red-yellow podzolic soil. High aluminium (Al) content and low pH of the soil can inhibit plant growth and development. Tolerant sugarcane in acid soil is the most efficient way, but the adaptive variety is still limited. In vitro culture technique can increase genetic variability to assemble new varieties through somaclonal variation combined with mutation using ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). The new characters was directed by in vitro selection using AlCl 3 .6H 2 O with pH ¼ 4 as a component of selection for resistance to high aluminium. VMC 7616 and PS 862 varieties were used as materials. Mutation induced using EMS at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% for 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Plantlets mutant obtained through callus formation, immersion callus in EMS, in vitro selection, and regeneration of callus. Result of study showed that the long immersion in the EMS solution caused greater damage to the cells, as indicated by the change in callus colour. Callus immersion time in EMS gave greater influence to regeneration compared to concentration of EMS. PS 862 had higher Al tolerance than VMC 7616. Rooting of shoot induced using indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 3 mg/L.

Induced Mutations through EMS Treatment and In Vitro Screening for Salt Tolerance Plant of Petunia × atkinsiana D. Don

“…However, Revathi and Arumugam Pillai (2015) noticed that the lowest rice callus regeneration frequency was observed less than 120 min of exposure to 0.5% EMS. Purnamaningsih and Hutami (2016) using the EMS mutagen onto the sugarcane callus tissue determined, that the variability of the callus decreased with the increase of the mutagen concentration (0.1 to 0.5%) and time of its effect (30 to 120 min). According to many authors (Bhagwat and Duncan 1998;Koh and Davies 2001;Latado et al, 2004;Svetleva and Crinó, 2005;Gadakh et al, 2015;Revathi and Arumugam Pillai, 2015) the use of 0.5% EMS solution is sufficient to obtain visible changes resulting from mutation.…”

“…This may result in an output that is not good as expected as a commercial cultivar (Rai et al, 2010;Gaswanto et al, 2016). Mutation is one of possible alternatives to conventional breeding for crop improvement program (López Colomba et al, 2013;Gaswanto et al, 2016;Oladosu et al, 2016;Purnamaningsih and Hutami, 2016). Genetic variability as a result of induced mutations by various mutagens has contributed to plant breeding efforts.…”

“…The chances of a mutation depend on the number, age and the growth stages of plant which are used as plant material (explant). The mutation frequency can be increased via the use of callus tissue as the starting material (Shalaby and El-Banna, 2013;Oladosu et al, 2016;Purnamaningsih and Hutami, 2016). Callus consists of a shapeless mass of non-differentiated and rapidly dividing cells (Purnamaningsih and Hutami, 2016).…”

“…The mutation frequency can be increased via the use of callus tissue as the starting material (Shalaby and El-Banna, 2013;Oladosu et al, 2016;Purnamaningsih and Hutami, 2016). Callus consists of a shapeless mass of non-differentiated and rapidly dividing cells (Purnamaningsih and Hutami, 2016). Moreover, according to Patade and Suprasanna (2008), genetic instability and somaclonal variation of callus tissue might considerably increases the chances of a mutation.…”

In Vitro Culture Technology for the Production of Secondary Metabolites and the Development of Plants That are Resistant to Climate Change

“…Sudut pandang biofisika diantaranya penurunan kesuburan tanah, penurunan hasil pertanian, berefek fisiologis pada tanaman, gangguan gulma serta serangan hama-penyakit. Penurunan kesuburan tanah disebabkan oleh stres abiotik sebagai cemaran logam aluminium berlebih pada lahan yang ditamani tanaman tebu (Purnamaningsih & Hutami, 2016).…”