Increases in the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of an agricultural soil over the last century

Jones, Kevin C.; Stratford, Jennifer A.; Waterhouse, Keith S.; Furlong, Edward T.; Giger, Walter; Hites, Ronald A.; Schaffner, Christian; Johnston, Atholl

doi:10.1021/es00178a012

Cited by 203 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In general, these nonpolar and hydrophobic molecules with two or more benzene rings persist in the environment. The effect and fate of PAHs in nature are of great environmental and human health concern due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic properties (Wilson & Jones 1993;Shaw & Connell 1994) as well as their high concentrations and frequency of occurrence in the environment (Sims & Overcash 1983;Jones et al 1989) and high persistence due to low solubility and bioavailability (USEPA 1985;Edwards 1988;Zaidi & Imam 1999). Human exposure to PAHs can occur through different environmental pathways including internal absorption through food and water consumption (Edwards et al 1983;Wild & Jones 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Benzo[a]Pyrene in Soil with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Alfalfa

Liu

Luo

Cao

et al. 2004

Environmental Geochemistry and Health

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Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was grown in pots containing soil artificially contaminated with various levels of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) (0, 1, 10 and 100 mg kg )1 ). Soil and plants were sampled after 30, 40, 50, 60 and 90 days and compared with unlanted pots. The percentage of mycorrhizal root length colonized by Glomus caledoniun was not significantly affected by the addition of B[a]P up to 10 mg kg )1 but was significantly lower at 100 mg kg )1 B[a]P compared with low concentrations (p < 0.05). There was no difference in soil polyphenol oxidase and dehydrogenase activity among the controls and applications of 1 and 10 mg kg )1 of B[a]P. However, enzyme activities were significantly higher at 100 mg kg )1 B[a]P compared with the other three treatments, and there was no mycorrhizal effect. Over a period of 90 days the concentration of B[a]P in soil in which alfalfa was grown was significantly lower than in unplanted soil (p < 0.05). Degradation rates of B[a]P added at 1, 10 and 100 mg kg )1 without G. caledonium were 76, 78 and 53%, and with mycorrhizal inoculation were 86, 87 and 57%. The degradation rate in unplanted soil was significantly lower than in planted soil, and was significantly higher in medium-and low-B[a]P treatments than in the high B[a]P concentration tested. There is a possibility of enhancement phytoremediation of PAHs in rhizosphere soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Benzo[a]Pyrene in Soil with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Alfalfa

Liu

Luo

Cao

et al. 2004

Environmental Geochemistry and Health

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“…Although organic micropollutants have natural sources, e.g. vegetation fires, soil records have shown that PAH and dioxins levels have increased after the start of industrial activities (Jones et al 1989;Lohmann et Jones, 1998;Alcock et al, 1998). The occurrence of point-source pollution such as oil spills, ancient industrial sites (Henner et al, 1999), sewage sludge's (Fries, 1996) and vehicle exhausts from urban areas and highways, has raised concern on the possible transfer of organic micropollutants from plants to dairy food then to living organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portal absorption of 14C after ingestion of spiked milk with 14C-phenanthrene, 14C-benzo[a]pyrene or 14C-TCDD in growing pigs

et al. 2002

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dioxins are lipophilic organic pollutants occurring widely in the terrestrial environment. In order to study the PAHs and 2,3,7,8 TetraChloroDibenzo-pDioxin (TCDD) transfer in the food chain, pigs have been fed with milk mixed either with 14 Cphenanthrene, with 14 C-benzo[a]pyrene or with 14 C-TCDD. The analysis of portal and arterial blood radioactivity showed that both PAHs and TCDD were absorbed with a maximum concentration at 4-6 h after milk ingestion. Then, the blood radioactivity decreased to reach background levels 24 h after milk ingestion. Furthermore, the portal and arterial blood radioactivities were higher for phenanthrene (even if the injected load was the lowest) than these of benzo[a]pyrene or these of TCDD, in agreement with their lipophilicity and water solubility difference. Main 14 C absorption occurred during the 1-3 h time period after ingestion for 14 C-phenanthrene and during the 3-6 h time period for 14 Cbenzo[a]pyrene and for 14 C-TCDD. 14 C portal absorption rate was high for 14 C-phenanthrene (95 %), it was close to 33 % for 14 C-benzo[a]pyrene and very low for 14 C-TCDD (9 %). These results indicate that the three studied molecules have a quite different behaviour during digestion and absorption. Phenanthrene is greatly absorbed and its absorption occurs via the blood system, whereas benzo[a]pyrene and TCDD are partly and weakly absorbed respectively. However these two molecules are mainly absorbed via the portal vein.

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“…PAHs are typically associated with petroleum (including asphalt) or its combustion by-products (Jones et al 1989), but are not known to be present in munition items. They also comprise 80 to 85 percent of creosote used in wood preservation (Gevao and Jones 1998) and are produced by burning wood and paper (Freeman and Cattell 1990).…”

Section: Semi-volatile Organic Compounds (Svocs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Model for the Transport of Energetic Residues from Surface Soil to Groundwater by Range Activities

Clausen¹,

Korte²,

Dodson³

et al. 2006

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This report integrates and summarizes research on the fateand-transport properties of munition energetic compounds potentially migrating to groundwater. The goals of the report are to 1) review and summarize previous work; 2) identify data gaps; 3) provide research recommendations; and integrate conclusions from peer-reviewed research, results from investigations at military ranges, and consultations with explosives experts in the United States and Canada (Waterways Experiment Station, Army Environmental Center, Defence Research EstablishmentValcartier, and various universities) into a conceptual model for the transport of energetic compounds from the land surface to groundwater.

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Increases in the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of an agricultural soil over the last century

Cited by 203 publications

References 23 publications

Degradation of Benzo[a]Pyrene in Soil with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Alfalfa

Degradation of Benzo[a]Pyrene in Soil with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Alfalfa

Portal absorption of 14C after ingestion of spiked milk with 14C-phenanthrene, 14C-benzo[a]pyrene or 14C-TCDD in growing pigs

Conceptual Model for the Transport of Energetic Residues from Surface Soil to Groundwater by Range Activities

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