Increases in leukocyte cluster of differentiation antigen expression during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing heart transplantation

Abstract

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is essential in heart transplantation surgery. It is also used in coronary artery grafting surgery where it has been associated with a postoperative inflammatory response. This manifests as an increase in pro-inflammatory proteins like interleukin-8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha accompanied by increases in neutrophil populations and increased expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens. The latter have been investigated using flow cytometry, which is limited to the measurement of three to four CD antigens simultaneously. We have developed a novel antibody array that can simultaneously measure the expression of 72 different CD antigens. The purpose of this study was to use this technology to measure CD antigen expression in patients undergoing CPB during heart transplantation. Twelve patients undergoing this operation were studied. A preoperative sample acted as an internal control while a second sample taken during CPB was the comparator. No previous studies have examined changes in CD antigen expression during heart transplantation. We report an increase in the expression of 10 different CD antigens across all patients between the two time points.

Graded metal carbon protein binding films prepared by hybrid cathodic arc — Glow discharge plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition

“…For implantable medical device applications, immobilizing proteins by utilizing physical interactions renders the proteins vulnerable to detachment and undesirable conformation changes which affect their bioactivity can lead to adverse responses such as inflammation, clotting, activation of cellular immune response, excessive fibrosis, or rejection. During heart transplantation using cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machines, patients exhibit an inflammatory response which is characterized by increased expression of at least ten leukocyte cluster-of-differentiation (CD) antigens [7]. Coronary artery disease is primarily caused by inflammation of coronary vessel walls [8] and a study on coronary stents provided strong evidence that increased inflammation can arise from the use of bare stents [9].…”

Customising an antibody leukocyte capture microarray for systemic lupus erythematosus: Beyond biomarker discovery

“…[12][13][14][15]. However, it soon became clear that these cell microarrays could also be used to detect more subtle changes in leukocyte populations, for example cell activation or inflammatory responses in patients with heart disease [16][17][18] and other inflammatory diseases [19], including SLE, as we describe in this review. We assume that inflammation, whether active or historical, produces a response in CD or other surface proteins on the surface of peripheral blood leukocytes, and that this response can be detected when large numbers of signals are measured simultaneously.…”

New Paradigms in Cardiovascular Medicine

“…Another technology that has been used to investigate cell-based inflammatory responses in heart transplantation is the leukocyte antibody array. Increased expression of specific leukocyte cluster of differentiation antigens has been reported during CPB in patients undergoing heart transplantation (102). Furthermore, using a proteomic approach, two myocardial proteins (␣B-crystallin and tropomyosin) have been identified as significantly increased in sera of patients showing histological signs of rejection (103).…”