Increases in intramuscular pressure raise arterial blood pressure during dynamic exercise

Fadel, Paul J.; Smith, Scott A.; Norton, K. H.; Querry, R. G.; Olivencia‐Yurvati, Albert H.; Raven, Peter B.

doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.91.5.2351

Cited by 53 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Mechanical distortion of receptive fields of sensory nerve endings in contracting muscle may evoke the exercise pressor reflex in humans [26]. The mechanoreceptor is tonically active and appears to be primarily responsible for the exercise pressure reflex-induced elevation in arterial blood pressure during dynamic strain in humans [27]. It may initiate the cardiovascular and the ventilatory response during the first phase ("fast response") of the cardiovascular response to exercise [9].…”

Section: Consequences Of Metaboreflex and Mechanoreflex Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular and ventilatory control during exercise in chronic heart failure: Role of muscle reflexes

Piepoli¹,

Dimopoulos²,

Concu³

et al. 2008

International Journal of Cardiology

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Section: Consequences Of Metaboreflex and Mechanoreflex Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular and ventilatory control during exercise in chronic heart failure: Role of muscle reflexes

Piepoli¹,

Dimopoulos²,

Concu³

et al. 2008

International Journal of Cardiology

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“…Notwithstanding, we observed that G-suit inflation at rest resulted in a 7% increase in MAP, no change in LVEDVr, and a reduction in HR and LVEF. Stickland et al (41) reported that LBPP elicited increases in resting right atrial pressure and pulmonary artery wedge pressure, whereas other investigators have demonstrated that LBPP during leg exercise mediated an increase in MAP, attributed to pressure-sensitive mechanoreceptors (14). The fall in LVEF at rest in the present study could be attributed to a rise in increased MAP secondary to a modest rise in sympathetic outflow known to occur after inflation or activation of muscle mechano-reflexes independent of central cardiovascular control (44).…”

Section: Effects Lbpp On LV Filling At Restmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In efforts to characterize pulmonary circulatory dynamics, an improved version of the anti-G-suit was used to develop LBPP during dynamic leg exercise in a recent study and reported significantly elevated cardiac filling pressures but not in CO or SV (41). Similarly, Gallagher et al (14), using both cuff inflation and pneumatic-based LBPP, found no improvements in CO during progressive leg ergometry. The difference in findings may be due to body position, since standing may pose a greater orthostatic challenge, enabling a larger effect to be observed (37).…”

Section: Lbpp and LV Function During Arm Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Left ventricular function during arm exercise: influence of leg cycling and lower body positive pressure

Goodman¹,

Freeman²,

Goodman³

2007

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Goodman JM, Freeman MR, Goodman LS. Left ventricular function during arm exercise: influence of leg cycling and lower body positive pressure. J Appl Physiol 102: 904 -912, 2007. First published November 30, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00511.2006.-The purpose of this study was to characterize left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling and systolic performance during graded arm exercise and to examine the effects of lower body positive pressure (LBPP) or concomitant leg exercise as means to enhance LV preload in aerobically trained individuals. Subjects were eight men with a mean age (ϮSE) of 26.8 Ϯ 1.2 yr. Peak exercise testing was first performed for both legs [maximal oxygen uptake (V O2) ϭ 4.21 Ϯ 0.19 l/min] and arms (2.56 Ϯ 0.16 l/min). On a separate occasion, LV filling and ejection parameters were acquired using non-imaging scintography using in vivo red blood cell labeling with technetium 99 m first during leg exercise performed in succession for 2 min at increasing grades to peak effort. Graded arm exercise (at 30, 60, 80, and 100% peak V O2) was performed during three randomly assigned conditions: control (no intervention), with concurrent leg cycling (at a constant 15% leg maximal V O2) or with 60 mmHg of LBPP using an Anti G suit. Peak leg exercise LV ejection fraction was higher than arm exercise (60.9 Ϯ 1.7% vs. 55.9 Ϯ 2.7%; P Ͻ 0.05) as was peak LV enddiastolic volume was reported as % of resting value (110.3 Ϯ 4.4% vs. 97 Ϯ 3.7%; P Ͻ 0.05) and peak filling rate (end-diastolic volume/s; 6.4 Ϯ 0.28% vs. 5.2 Ϯ 0.25%). Concomitant use of either lowintensity leg exercise or LBPP during arm exercise failed to significantly increase LV filling or ejection parameters. These observations suggest that perturbations in preload fail to overcome the inherent hemodynamic conditions present during arm exercise that attenuate LV performance. arm exercise; ventricle; end-diastolic volume; afterload; lower body positive pressure THE CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES to dynamic leg exercise have been well characterized using a wide range of techniques; however, data describing left ventricular (LV) hemodynamic function during arm exercise, particularly perturbations that influence LV filling and ejection characteristics, have been limited by technical aspects of cardiac imaging and temporal resolution. Steady-state measures of stroke volume and cardiac output during arm exercise have been well characterized mostly by indirect Fick methods (1,8,12,17,23,24,34). At a given submaximal oxygen consumption (V O 2 ) arm cranking results in a higher heart rate and blood pressure but a lower stroke volume (SV) at a similar relative intensity [% maximal V O 2 (V O 2 max )] (6,28,36,42). Maximal arm cranking exercise elicits a lower peak V O 2 , cardiac output (Q ), stroke volume (SV), and heart rate (HR) compared with leg exercise (6,12,28,35,36,42). The lower SV and Q values have been attributed to blood pooling secondary to the orthostatic challenge of inactive lower limbs (35). In addition, the reflex sympathetic vasoconstriction ...

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“…However, in a series of experiments designed to preferentially accentuate mechanoreceptor activation above the metaboreceptor activation in healthy subjects, we employed leg compression using medical antishock trousers (MAST) with and without epidural anesthesia at rest (115) and with and without leg compression using MAST during steady-state exercise while constructing baroreflex function curves (32), lower body positive pressure (LBPP) at rest and during exercise (111), and 4) LBPP with and without thigh-cuff occlusion at 90 mmHg (30). In a separate investigation, the subjects performed submaximal dynamic exercise with and without epidural anesthesia with construction of the baroreflex function curves (103).…”

Section: Arterial Baroreflexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural control of circulation and exercise: a translational approach disclosing interactions between central command, arterial baroreflex, and muscle metaboreflex

Michelini

O’Leary

Raven

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Michelini LC, O'Leary DS, Raven PB, Nobrega AC. Neural control of circulation and exercise: a translational approach disclosing interactions between central command, arterial baroreflex, and muscle metaboreflex*. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 309: H381-H392, 2015. First published May 29, 2015; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00077.2015.-The last 100 years witnessed a rapid and progressive development of the body of knowledge concerning the neural control of the cardiovascular system in health and disease. The understanding of the complexity and the relevance of the neuroregulatory system continues to evolve and as a result raises new questions. The purpose of this review is to articulate results from studies involving experimental models in animals as well as in humans concerning the interaction between the neural mechanisms mediating the hemodynamic responses during exercise. The review describes the arterial baroreflex, the pivotal mechanism controlling mean arterial blood pressure and its fluctuations along with the two main activation mechanisms to exercise: central command (parallel activation of central somatomotor and autonomic descending pathways) and the muscle metaboreflex, the metabolic component of exercise pressor reflex (feedback from ergoreceptors within contracting skeletal muscles). In addition, the role of the cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in modulating the resetting of arterial baroreflex is identified, and the mechanisms in the central nervous system involved with the resetting of baroreflex function during dynamic exercise are also described. Approaching a very relevant clinical condition, the review also presents the concept that the impaired arterial baroreflex function is an integral component of the metaboreflex-mediated exaggerated sympathetic tone in subjects with heart failure. This increased sympathetic activity has a major role in causing the depressed ventricular function observed during submaximal dynamic exercise in these patients. The potential contribution of a metaboreflex arising from respiratory muscles is also considered. autonomic; baroreflex; central command; exercise; metaboreflex THIS ARTICLE is part of a collection on 1st Pan American Congress of Physiological Sciences: Physiology Without Borders. Other articles appearing in this collection, as well as a full archive of all collections, can be found online at http://ajpheart.physiology.org/.A wide range of complex but routine behaviors such as feeding, shivering, locomotion, aggressive/defensive, and sexual behaviors triggers concomitant activation of somatomotor and autonomic outflows (47). Dynamic exercise is a complex physiological challenge involving highly coordinated activity of skeletal muscles, rapid and immediate increases in respiratory function, heart rate (HR), stroke volume and cardiac output associated with changes in regional vascular resistance, and redistribution of systemic blood flow that cause a slight increase in mean blood pressure (108). The increased blood flow to active muscles provides the necessary o...

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Increases in intramuscular pressure raise arterial blood pressure during dynamic exercise

Cited by 53 publications

References 31 publications

Cardiovascular and ventilatory control during exercise in chronic heart failure: Role of muscle reflexes

Cardiovascular and ventilatory control during exercise in chronic heart failure: Role of muscle reflexes

Left ventricular function during arm exercise: influence of leg cycling and lower body positive pressure

Neural control of circulation and exercise: a translational approach disclosing interactions between central command, arterial baroreflex, and muscle metaboreflex

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