Increases in Heart Rate during an Air Pollution Episode

109

To examine hypotheses regarding air pollution health effects, we conducted an exploratory study to evaluate relationships between personal and ambient concentrations of particles with measures of cardiopulmonary health in a sample of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . Sixteen currently non -smoking COPD patients ( mean age = 74 ) residing in Vancouver were equipped with a particle ( PM 2.5 ) monitor for seven 24 -h periods. Subjects underwent ambulatory heart monitoring, had their lung function and blood pressure ( BP ) measured, and recorded symptoms and medication use. Ambient PM 2.5 , PM 10 , sulfate, and gaseous pollutant concentrations were monitored at five sites within the study area. Although no associations between air pollution and lung function were statistically significant, an estimated effect of 3% and 1% declines in daily FEV 1 change ( ÁFEV 1 ) for each 10 g / m 3 increase in ambient PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively, was observed. Increases of 1 g / m 3 in personal or ambient sulfate were associated with 1.0% and 0.3% declines in ÁFEV 1 , respectively. Weak associations were observed between particle concentrations and increased supraventricular ectopic heartbeats and with decreased systolic BP. No consistent associations were observed between any particle metric and diastolic BP, heart rate, or heart rate variability ( r -MSSD or SDNN ) , symptom severity, or bronchodilator use. Of the pollutants measured, ambient PM 10 was most consistently associated with health parameters; the use of personal exposures did not improve the strength of any associations or lead to increased effect estimates.

Section: Cardiovascular Health Endpointssupporting

confidence: 78%

Exposure of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients to particles: Respiratory and cardiovascular health effects

Bräuer

Ebelt

Fisher

et al. 2001

109

“…Other researchers have recently reported similar associations between airborne particulate matter and increased pulse rate ( Peters et al, 1999;Pope et al, 1999a ) , decreased HRV (Pope et al, 1999b ), and occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia ( Peters et al, 2000 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Particulate matter and heart rate variability among elderly retirees: the Baltimore 1998 PM study

Creason

Neas

Walsh

et al. 2001

150

This study investigates the relationship between ambient fine particle pollution and impaired cardiac autonomic control in the elderly. Heart rate variability ( HRV ) among 56 elderly ( mean age 82 ) nonsmoking residents of a retirement center in Baltimore County, Maryland, was monitored for 4 weeks, from July 27 through August 22, 1998. The weather was seasonally mild ( 63 ± 848F mean daily temperature ) with low to moderate levels of fine particles ( PM 2.5 < 50 g / m 3 ) . Two groups of approximately 30 subjects were examined on alternate days. A spline mixed -effects model revealed a negative relationship between outdoor 24 -h average fine particulate matter ( PM 2.5 ) and high -frequency ( HF ) HRV that was consistent with our earlier Baltimore study for all but 2 days. These 2 days were the only days with significant precipitation in combination with elevated PM 2.5 . They were also unusual in that back -trajectory of their air masses was distinctly different from those on the other study days, emanating from the direction of rural Pennsylvania. Mixed -effects analysis for all 24 study days showed a small negative association of outdoor PM 2.5 with HF HRV ( À 0.03 change in log [ HF HRV ] for a 10 g / m 3 increment in PM 2.5 ) after adjustment for age, sex, cardiovascular status, trend, maximum temperature, average dew point temperature, random subject intercepts, and autocorrelated residuals. After excluding study days 4 and 5, this association was strengthened ( À 0.07 change in log [ HF HRV ] for 10 g / m 3 PM 2.5 , 95% CI À 0.13 to À 0.02 ) and was similar to that obtained in an earlier study ( À 0.12 change in log [ HF HRV ] for a 10 g / m 3 increment in outdoor PM 2.5 , 95% CI À 0.24 to À 0.00 ) [ Liao D., Cai J., Rosamond W.D., Barnes R.W., Hutchinson R.G., Whitsel E.A., Rautaharju P., and Heiss G. Cardiac autonomic function and incident coronary heart disease: a population -based case -cohort study. The ARIC Study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol 1997: 145 ( 8 ) : 696 ± 706 ] . Acute ( 1 to 4 h ) previous PM 2.5 exposure did not have a stronger impact than the 24 -h measure. A distributed lag model incorporating the six preceding 4 -h means also did not indicate any effect greater than that observed in the 24 -h measure. This study is consistent with earlier findings that exposures to PM 2.5 are associated with decreased HRV in the elderly.

“…Peters et al (1999) documented an association between increase in HR and an air pollution episode in Germany. However, direct comparisons of our results for Ni and HR to those of previous studies may not entirely appropriate because the differences in exposure metric (PM 2.5 vs Ni), and differences in study populations (coronary artery disease vs COPD).…”

Section: Issues In Health Effects Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In population-based studies, Peters et al (1999) reported increased HR during an air pollution episode, and Pope et al (2004) reported changes in HRV with ambient PM concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of thoracic and fine PM and their components on heart rate and pulmonary function in COPD patients

Hsu

Ito

Lippmann

2011

Population-based personal exposures to particulate matter (PM) and personal-ambient relationships of PM and component concentrations for outpatients with COPD and/or asthma were investigated in New York City (NYC) and Seattle for thoracic PM (PM 10 ) and fine PM (PM 2.5 ). Measurements of outdoor, indoor, and personal PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were made concurrently for 12-consecutive days at 24 patients' residences. Filters were analyzed for elemental components, using XRF and black carbon (BC), by reflectance. Daily morning and evening measurements of heart rate (HR) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) by pulse oximeter, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) and peak expiratory flowrate (PEF) by spirometry were also measured, and symptom data were collected. Central monitoring site, outdoor, indoor, and personal concentrationresponse relationships of PM 2.5 , PM 10À2.5 , and their components were examined using mixed-effect models. The relatively small sample size of the study limited the interpretation of results, but of the PM chemical components examined, only nickel concentrations showed consistent associations, and only with HR in the NYC COPD patients.