Increased weed emergence and seed bank depletion by soil disturbance in a no-tillage system

Mulugeta, Dawit; Stoltenberg, David E.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500092778

Cited by 65 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The reason why S. viridis seeds were more abundant with stubble mulch tillage than with no‐tillage in fallow than in wheat plots is not clear. This may, however, be related to soil disturbance for the previous sorghum crop in wheat–sorghum–fallow plots that possibly resulted in greater weed seedling emergence, as found by Mulugeta & Stoltenberg (1997). Seed production by S. viridis , if not adequately controlled, could account for the greater numbers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In wheat plots (Table 3), mean seed numbers were greater with no‐tillage than with stubble mulch tillage. An increase in seed numbers of some species occurs with long‐term use of no‐tillage, whereas use of soil‐disturbing tillage (for example, stubble mulch tillage) increases weed seedling emergence and seedbank depletion ( Mulugeta & Stoltenberg, 1997). This appeared to have occurred in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weed seeds in long‐term dryland tillage and cropping system plots

1999

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Successful crop production depends on effective weed control. Weed seedbanks were determined after 12 years of dryland cropping with winter wheat and grain sorghum under different tillage methods (no‐ and stubble mulch) and cropping sequences. Seeds of 12 species were detected. Amaranthus retroflexus was most abundant, but seed numbers were similar under all conditions. Portulaca oleracea, Panicum capillare, Setaria viridis and Sorghum halepense seed numbers differed because of some factors, with those for P. oleracea being greatest. For others, seed numbers were low (≤0.11 kg−1 soil), except for Digitaria sanguinalis with 7.8 kg−1 soil and Bromus japonicus with 1.3 kg−1 soil. Most seeds were near the surface with both tillage methods, with enough present under most conditions to cause a problem if proper control measures were not used, especially with continuous cropping. When a weed problem occurs under conditions as in this study, the results indicate that it could be reduced by growing winter and summer crops in rotation, which permits controlling weeds with tillage and/or herbicides when a crop is not growing. Other possibilities for controlling weeds under conditions as in this study are to alternate between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous crops, which would permit use of a wider range of herbicides, and to use selective in‐crop herbicides.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed seeds in long‐term dryland tillage and cropping system plots

1999

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“…The anomaly at Lacombe in 1999 may have been associated with unusually high wild-oat (Avena fatua L.) infestations for SB23 compared with both DR placements. Mulugeta and Stoltenberg (1997) reported large increases in weed seed emergence on zero-till plots after soil disturbance. The sweep used for SB23 resulted in more soil disturbance compared with the knife openers used for DR placements and, as a consequence, promoted germination of wild oat, which had a negative effect on yield at Lacombe in 1999.…”

Section: Fig 4 Mean Barley Kernel Weight (A) Percent Plump Kernelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of seedbed utilization and fungicide application on severity of net blotch [Pyrenophora teres] and production of barley

Turkington

Kutcher

Clayton

et al. 2004

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Limited information is available regarding the impact of seed placement and row spacing, and their interaction with fungicides, on leaf diseases and agronomic performance of barley. A direct-seeding field experiment was conducted at three locations in Canada (Lacombe and Beaverlodge (Alberta) and Melfort (Saskatchewan)), in 1999-2000, to evaluate the effect of three seedbed utilization treatments and six foliar fungicide timing and rate treatments on disease severity and production characteristics of barley. Seedbed treatments included row spacing at 23 or 30 cm with a knife opener, or spread bands with a 28-cm sweep and a 23-cm row spacing. Fungicide treatments included full and split applications of propiconazole at Zadoks growth stages (GS) 12, 37, and 58 with an untreated control. Severity of net blotch [Pyrenophora teres] was higher for the 23-and 30-cm distinct row spacings compared with the spread-band placement using sweeps. The interaction between seed placement and fungicide application was not significant for net-blotch severity, indicating that disease response to fungicide did not vary with seed-placement configuration. Overall, grain yield was affected by seed placement, with the spread band having slightly higher yield, especially when compared with the 30-cm distinct row spacing, but the response to seed placement did vary over year × location combinations, and with fungicide treatment. Kernel weight, plumpness, and test weight were greatest for the spread-band placement, although this response varied among year × location combinations. Fungicide applications at late growth stages (GS 37 and GS 58) reduced net-blotch severity and increased grain yield and kernel quality, whereas applications at GS 12 generally had a limited impact. Planting in distinct rows may have resulted in higher disease severity and lower kernel weight, plumpness, and test weight by facilitating spore dispersal and subsequent net-blotch development compared with the spread-band placement.

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“…In addition, research has been conducted to characterize how tillage systems affect seedling emergence patterns (Dyer 1995;Mulugeta and Stoltenberg 1997;Webster et al 1998;Yenish et al 1992). In most cases, the approach followed by many researchers was to study one biotype or population of a given species or to determine the germination response of the weed seeds to soil temperature and moisture without considering the level of soil disturbance and extrapolate the results to other populations and biotypes or to different tillage systems Forcella et al 2000;.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tillage systems and seed dormancy effects on common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) seedling emergence

León¹,

Owen

2006

Weed Science

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Understanding weed seedling emergence patterns is important for successful implementation of many weed management strategies. Identifying the sources of variation of emergence patterns could greatly improve our ability to predict emergence timing. Differences in seed dormancy levels between populations or biotypes are usually not considered when studying seedling emergence of many weed species despite evidence that dormancy levels can affect weed seedling emergence patterns. We studied the importance of seed dormancy on seedling emergence patterns of common waterhemp using three biotypes (Ames, Everly, and Ohio) that differed in dormancy regulation and level (5, 26, and 87% germination, respectively) and three tillage systems (no-tillage, chisel plow, and moldboard plow) in 2004 and 2005. Seedling emergence was at least four times greater under no-tillage than under chisel or moldboard plow conditions. Fewer seedlings emerged in moldboard plow than in other tillage systems. Furthermore, seedling emergence occurred in no-tillage over a longer period than in chisel and moldboard plow. In no-tillage the largest emergence events occurred at the end of June, whereas in other tillage systems most emergence occurred during May and the first week of June. Among biotypes, differences in number of emerged seedlings were more evident than differences in emergence timing. For Everly and Ohio biotypes, the number of emerged seedlings was the same between chisel and moldboard plow plots. For the Ames biotype, in 2004, the number of emerged seedlings was 25-fold higher in chisel plow than in moldboard plow, and the emergence pattern in no-tillage was longer and peaked later than in the other tillage systems. However, these results were not observed in 2005. Overall, we did not observe consistent differences in seedling emergence patterns among biotypes, which suggested that under field conditions, other factors can compensate for differences in seed dormancy levels.

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Increased weed emergence and seed bank depletion by soil disturbance in a no-tillage system

Cited by 65 publications

References 38 publications

Weed seeds in long‐term dryland tillage and cropping system plots

Weed seeds in long‐term dryland tillage and cropping system plots

Impact of seedbed utilization and fungicide application on severity of net blotch [Pyrenophora teres] and production of barley

Tillage systems and seed dormancy effects on common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) seedling emergence

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