Increased visceral fat and decreased energy expenditure during the menopausal transition

Lovejoy, JC; Champagne, C.M.; Jonge, Lilian de; Xie, Hui; Smith, Steven R.

doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.25

Cited by 786 publications

(742 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The shift toward abdominal obesity after the last menstrual period, which was a general tendency evidenced by former menopausal studies [29,[34][35][36], could not be confirmed in women with early or late menopause in the present analysis. A future longitudinal study of menopausal women's body composition could reveal whether a relation exists between the rates of reproductive ageing, namely the age at menopause and physique as has been evidenced in the case of menarcheal age, the age at the beginning of reproductive capacity [88].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…However the biological processes that lead to changes in body fat distribution during the menopausal transition, i.e., an increase of total and central body fat (in particular an increase in the accumulation of intra-abdominal fat) and a redistribution of fat from lower body subcutaneous fat toward the abdominal region [29][30][31] have not been fully explored [32,33]. In addition, the changes in body fat distribution by age and during the menopausal transition cannot be studied independently (the increase in relative body fat mass and the increase in abdominal fat accumulation are the main features of body fatness redistribution by ageing) [29,[34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body fatness and endogenous sex hormones in the menopausal transition

et al. 2016

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a b s t r a c tBackground: Age at the final menstrual period is of clinical and public health interest because the age at which natural menopause occurs may be a marker of ageing and health, and in general the menopausal transition increases the risk of many diseases, e.g. redistribution in the pattern of adiposity during the menopausal transition may increase risk of metabolic disease. The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between the menopausal status and body fatness. Subjects and methods: A random sample of 1932Hungarian women was studied. Body composition was estimated by body impedance analysis. In a subsample free estradiol and progesterone levels in saliva were quantified. Results: Body fat mass increased until the late 50s and then had a decrease through senescence. Premenopausal women who were much older than the median age at menopause had a higher amount of fat than their postmenopausal age-peers, while postmenopausal women, whose menopause occurred much earlier than the median age at menopause, had less fat than their premenopausal age-peers. The body fat mass in premenopausal women with low levels of sex hormones was always below the agemedian value of the menopausal status subgroups, while the body fat mass of postmenopausal women with high levels of sex hormone levels was above the age-median values. Conclusions: The analysis of body fatness in the menopausal transition revealed that (1) the rate of reproductive ageing and the body fat pattern were significantly related, and (2) body fat mass of women with unexpected levels of sex hormones was related more to their hormonal levels than to their menopausal status or their age. Thus future epidemiological screenings of women exposed to higher levels of menopause-related health risks should be expanded beyond the estimation of menopausal status based only on menstrual history to include sex hormone level assessment, as well as body composition analysis.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body fatness and endogenous sex hormones in the menopausal transition

et al. 2016

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“…Women exhibit a tendency toward visceral fat accumulation during the menopausal transition, though it is difficult to separate the influence of menopause from the natural tendency toward fat accumulation with age 6, 28. Certainly, mice that are deficient in estradiol (because of a genetic deletion of the gene for aromatase) exhibit an increase in visceral fat and resultant insulin resistance compared with their wild‐type counterparts 29.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression of Metabolic Syndrome Severity During the Menopausal Transition

Gurka

Vishnu

Santen

et al. 2016

JAHA

124

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BackgroundAfter menopause, women exhibit a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and higher risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the timing of changes in MetS severity over the menopausal transition and whether these changes differ by racial/ethnic group remain unclear.Methods and ResultsWe assessed data from 1470 women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort who experienced transition in menopausal status over 10 years (visits 1–4). We used linear mixed models to evaluate changes by menopausal status (premenopause, perimenopause, and postmenopause) in a MetS severity Z‐score and in the individual MetS components. While there were gradual increases in MetS severity over time across menopause stages, black women in particular exhibited more rapid progression in MetS severity during the premenopausal and perimenopausal periods than during the postmenopausal period. In the postmenopausal period (compared with prior periods), white women exhibited unfavorable decreases in high‐density lipoprotein, while black women exhibited favorable alterations in the rate of change for waist circumference, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein, and glucose, contributing to the slowed progression of MetS severity. These changes were all observed after adjusting for hormone replacement treatment.ConclusionsDuring menopausal transition, women exhibited rapid increases in MetS severity during the premenopausal and perimenopausal periods, with black women having significant reductions in this increase in severity during the postmenopausal period. These data suggest that the higher prevalence of MetS in postmenopausal women may be caused more by changes during the menopausal transition than by postmenopause. These findings may thus have implications regarding the timing of cardiovascular risk relative to menopause.

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“…It is clear that there are many benefits of exercise on bone [33], cardiovascular, metabolic [34,35], diabetes [36], cancer, longevity [37], psychological well being [38,39] and overall quality of life [26]. Hence, it is appropriate for women to be physically active throughout the menopausal transition and afterwards.…”

Section: The Benefits Of Exercise For Overall Wellbeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

To exercise, or, not to exercise, during menopause and beyond

Stojanovska¹,

Apostolopoulos²,

Polman³

et al. 2014

Maturitas

101

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Menopausal symptoms in women can be severe and disruptive to overall quality of life. Hormone replacement therapy, is known to be effective in ameliorating symptoms, however, reporting of side effects has resulted in alternative treatment options. Exercise has been assessed as an alternative treatment option for alleviating menopausal symptoms, including, psychological, vasomotor, somatic and sexual symptoms. Here we report the effects of physical activity and exercise on menopause symptoms in menopausal women.

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Increased visceral fat and decreased energy expenditure during the menopausal transition

Cited by 786 publications

References 35 publications

Body fatness and endogenous sex hormones in the menopausal transition

Body fatness and endogenous sex hormones in the menopausal transition

Progression of Metabolic Syndrome Severity During the Menopausal Transition

To exercise, or, not to exercise, during menopause and beyond

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