Increased visceral adiposity with normal weight is associated with the prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Aims/IntroductionTo investigate the impact of increased visceral adiposity with normal weight (OB[−]VA[+]) on the prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of 140 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 65 ± 11 year; 44.6% women). Visceral fat area (VFA; cm2) and liver attenuation index (LAI) were assessed by abdominal computed tomography. The patients were divided into four groups by VFA and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) as follows: BMI <25 kg/m2 and VFA <100 cm2 (OB[−]VA[−]), BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and VFA <100 cm2 (OB[+]VA[−]), BMI <25 kg/m2 and VFA ≥100 cm2 (OB[−]VA[+]), and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and VFA ≥100 cm2 (OB[+]VA[+]). Multivariate linear regression and logistic regression analysis were carried out to determine the impact of OB(−)VA(+) on LAI.ResultsIn the present study, 25.0% were OB(−)VA(+) patients, where the LAI levels were lower (1.09 ± 0.22) than those in OB(−)VA(−) patients (1.23 ± 0.15), and were equivalent to those in OB(+)VA(+) patients (1.03 ± 0.26). In multivariate linear regression analysis, OB(−)VA(+) was independently associated with LAI (standardized β−0.212, P = 0.014). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, OB(−)VA(+) was a significant predictor of LAI <0.9 (odds ratio 5.88, 95% confidence interval 1.03−33.52, P = 0.046).ConclusionsThe present study provides evidence that increased visceral adiposity with normal weight is a strong predictor for the prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Flaxseed oil in the context of a weight loss programme ameliorates fatty liver grade in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised double-blind controlled trial

“…Thus, it is reasonable to presume that a part of improvement in fatty liver grade of either group has occurred consequent to reduction in weight and waist circumference. The decrease in ALT and aspartate aminotransferase levels in both groups may also have occurred as a result of weight and waist circumference reduction although such association has not been observed in all of previous studies (33) .…”

“…Even 5 % decrease in BMI has led to 25 % reduction in liver fat (31) . In addition, waist circumference and visceral adiposity can also determine NAFLD risk even in normalweight individuals (32,33) . Thus, it is reasonable to presume that a part of improvement in fatty liver grade of either group has occurred consequent to reduction in weight and waist circumference.…”

Luseogliflozin reduces epicardial fat accumulation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study

“…The hepatic fat accumulation was also determined by the liver attenuation index (LAI) in the CT examination as described previously [28]. The LAI was calculated as follows: the average attenuation value of the liver (eight points) divided by the average attenuation value of the spleen (three points).…”

Ipragliflozin Reduces Epicardial Fat Accumulation in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Visceral Obesity: A Pilot Study

“…The body fat (%) was calculated as the whole body fat mass (kg) divided by the weight (kg). The abdominal computed tomography (CT) examination (Aquilion PRIME, Toshiba Medical Systems, Tochigi, Japan) was used for the assessment of VFA, subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and liver attenuation index (LAI) as described previously [ 25 , 26 ]. The LAI was defined as the average attenuation value of the liver (eight points) divided by the average attenuation value of the spleen (three points).…”