Increased Vein Wall Apoptosis in Varicose Vein Disease is Related to Venous Hypertension

Filis, Konstadinos; Kavantzas, Nicos; Isopoulos, T.; Antonakis, Pantelis; Sigalas, Panagiotis; Vavouranakis, Emmanouil; Sigala, Fragiska

doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.11.033

Cited by 13 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The immunoreactivity was stronger in older patients and in females [81]. The importance of apoptosis and cell cycle regulation in the development of VVs may be confirmed by the overexpression of p53, p21, BCL-2 and BAX, which role in programmed cell death is widely known [39,[82][83].…”

Section: Other Factors Associated With Varicose Veinsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Biomolecular Mechanisms in Varicose Veins Development

Segiet¹,

Brzozowa-Zasada²,

Piecuch³

et al. 2015

Annals of Vascular Surgery

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Section: Other Factors Associated With Varicose Veinsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Biomolecular Mechanisms in Varicose Veins Development

Segiet¹,

Brzozowa-Zasada²,

Piecuch³

et al. 2015

Annals of Vascular Surgery

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“…Specimens retrieved from patients with AVF restenosis more frequently contained apoptosis foci than specimens of primary atherosclerotic lesions (19). The adventitia of varicose vein specimens showed lack of immunopositivity for Bax, while atherosclerotic lesions of primary and restenotic types showed a lack of immunopositivity for Bcl-2 (13,19-22). cfDNA released from blood cells by ongoing apoptosis was abundantly present in the plasma of hemodialysis patients (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The number of patients was determined on the basis of a similar study (13). The study group included patients with a previously punctured vein used to create AVF (n = 30) and the control group included patients with no previously punctured vein (n = 30).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For immunohistochemical analysis of apoptosis we selected the most commonly used antibody panel: p53 mouse monoclonal antibody in a 1:50 dilution; Bcl-2 mouse monoclonal antibody in a 1:50 dilution; caspase 3 mouse monoclonal antibody in a 1:50 dilution; and Bax rabbit polyclonal antibody in a 1:500 dilution (all from DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark) (13,18). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biotin-conjugated secondary antibody was applied in a 1:200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature, followed by a 30-minute incubation in Strept-AB complex for color development and counterstaining with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride and hematoxylin. The protein expression was evaluated using a semiquantitative assessment of positive cells by Filis et al (13). Scoring was as follows: no staining, minimum staining (1%-3%), moderate staining (>3%-50%), and maximum staining (>50%-100%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of apoptosis in the native vein used for hemodialysis access

et al. 2016

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AimTo determine whether apoptosis is more common in previously punctured native veins than in non-punctured native veins among patients who undergo surgical creation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for dialysis access.MethodsCephalic vein specimens were obtained from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014 from 60 patients, 30 with previously punctured native veins and 30 with non-punctured native veins. Before AVF placement, a 1-cm vein segment was excised from distal part of the vein for histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical analysis. Vein specimens were divided into two portions along the longitudinal axis and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for routine histological evaluation. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to localize Bax, p53, caspase 3, and Bcl-2 expression.ResultsThe group with previously punctured veins showed significantly increased caspase 3 (P < 0.001, two-sided Fisher`s Exact Test) and Bax expression (P = 0.002, two-sided Fisher`s Exact Test) and significantly decreased Bcl-2 expression (P < 0.001, two-sided Fisher`s Exact Test) compared with the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups in p53 expression (χ2 = 0.071, df = 1, P = 0.791). Fistula failure was significantly more common in the study group (26.7% vs 6.7%, χ2 = 4.32, df = 1, P = 0.038).ConclusionOur study indicates a possible role of venipuncture in apoptosis development and a possible role of apoptosis in fistula failure, but we do not have sufficient evidence to conclude that it represents its main cause.

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Augmentation of miR‐202 in varicose veins modulates phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting proliferator–activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α

Huang

Liu

Shen

et al. 2018

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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In varicose veins, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) often show abnormal proliferative and migratory rates and phenotypic transition. This study aimed to investigate whether microRNA (miR)-202 and its potential target, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), were involved in VSMC phenotypic transition. miR-202 expression was analyzed in varicose veins and in VSMCs conditioned with platelet-derived growth factor. The effect of miR-202 on cell proliferation and migration was assessed. Furthermore, contractile marker SM-22α, synthetic markers vimentin and collagen I, and PGC-1α were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The modulation of PGC-1α expression by miR-202 was also evaluated. In varicose veins and proliferative VSMCs, miR-202 expression was upregulated, with decreased SM-22α expression and increased vimentin and collagen I expression. Transfection with a miR-202 mimic induced VSMC proliferation and migration, whereas a miR-202 inhibitor reduced cell proliferation and migration. miR-202 mimic constrained luciferase activity in HEK293 cells that were cotransfected with the PGC-1α 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) but not those with mutated 3′-UTR. miR-202 suppressed PGC-1α protein expression, with no influence on its messenger RNA expression. PGC-1α mediated VSMC phenotypic transition and was correlated with reactive oxygen species production. In conclusion, miR-202 affects VSMC phenotypic transition by targeting PGC-1α expression, providing a novel target for varicose vein therapy. K E Y W O R D S microRNA-202, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, phenotypic transition, varicose veins, vascular smooth muscle cells

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Increased Vein Wall Apoptosis in Varicose Vein Disease is Related to Venous Hypertension

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Biomolecular Mechanisms in Varicose Veins Development

Biomolecular Mechanisms in Varicose Veins Development

Assessment of apoptosis in the native vein used for hemodialysis access

Augmentation of miR‐202 in varicose veins modulates phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting proliferator–activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α

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