Increased tropospheric ozone levels enhance pathogen infection levels of amphibians

Bosch, Jaime; Elvira, Susana; Sausor, Cristina; Bielby, Jon; González-Fernández, Ignacio; Alonso, R.; Bermejo, V.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143461

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Our results are similar to those obtained in other, similar communities in the Iberian Peninsula (e.g., the species exhibiting the highest prevalence levels and susceptibility to decline), but vary in others (the importance of the pathogens in question). The effects of both pathogens can be highly context-dependent, with declines perhaps being driven by interactions with other important factors including climate ( 11 , 42 ); ozone levels ( 43 ); and microbiome ( 44 , 45 ) of hosts; and the specific ecological context in which the host community lives ( 23 ). All of these factors are likely to interact with pathogens as a driver of population-level effects and warrant careful attention both alone and in combination with each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Monitoring of Amphibian Populations of a National Park in Northern Spain Reveals Negative Persisting Effects of Ranavirus, but Not Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

et al. 2021

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Amphibians are the most highly threatened vertebrates, and emerging pathogens are a serious threat to their conservation. Amphibian chytrid fungi and the viruses of the Ranavirus genus are causing disease outbreaks worldwide, including in protected areas such as National Parks. However, we lack information about their effect over amphibian populations in the long-term, and sometimes these mortality episodes are considered as transient events without serious consequences over longer time-spans. Here, we relate the occurrence of both pathogens with the population trends of 24 amphibian populations at 15 sites across a national Park in northern Spain over a 14-year period. Just one out 24 populations presents a positive population trend being free of both pathogens, while seven populations exposed to one or two pathogens experienced strong declines during the study period. The rest of the study populations (16) remain stable, and these tend to be of species that are not susceptible to the pathogen present or are free of pathogens. Our study is consistent with infectious diseases playing an important role in dictating amphibian population trends and emphasizes the need to adopt measures to control these pathogens in nature. We highlight that sites housing species carrying Ranavirus seems to have experienced more severe population-level effects compared to those with the amphibian chytrid fungus, and that ranaviruses could be just as, or more important, other more high-profile amphibian emerging pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Monitoring of Amphibian Populations of a National Park in Northern Spain Reveals Negative Persisting Effects of Ranavirus, but Not Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

et al. 2021

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“…Because of their sensitivity, the potential effects of O 3 in the environment have been more extensively studied in plants than in animals. However, a recent study has focused on the effects of O 3 in amphibians [130]. The authors exposed tadpoles of the midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans) to air-borne O 3 at concentration up to 180-220 µg m −3 for 8 h per day from an early stage of development (limbs not yet formed) to metamorphosis.…”

Section: Effects Of Tropospheric Ozone On Health and Yields Of Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in tropospheric air quality related to the protection of stratospheric ozone in a changing climate

Madronich

Sulzberger

Longstreth³

et al. 2023

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation drives the net production of tropospheric ozone (O3) and a large fraction of particulate matter (PM) including sulfate, nitrate, and secondary organic aerosols. Ground-level O3 and PM are detrimental to human health, leading to several million premature deaths per year globally, and have adverse effects on plants and the yields of crops. The Montreal Protocol has prevented large increases in UV radiation that would have had major impacts on air quality. Future scenarios in which stratospheric O3 returns to 1980 values or even exceeds them (the so-called super-recovery) will tend to ameliorate urban ground-level O3 slightly but worsen it in rural areas. Furthermore, recovery of stratospheric O3 is expected to increase the amount of O3 transported into the troposphere by meteorological processes that are sensitive to climate change. UV radiation also generates hydroxyl radicals (OH) that control the amounts of many environmentally important chemicals in the atmosphere including some greenhouse gases, e.g., methane (CH4), and some short-lived ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). Recent modeling studies have shown that the increases in UV radiation associated with the depletion of stratospheric ozone over 1980–2020 have contributed a small increase (~ 3%) to the globally averaged concentrations of OH. Replacements for ODSs include chemicals that react with OH radicals, hence preventing the transport of these chemicals to the stratosphere. Some of these chemicals, e.g., hydrofluorocarbons that are currently being phased out, and hydrofluoroolefins now used increasingly, decompose into products whose fate in the environment warrants further investigation. One such product, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), has no obvious pathway of degradation and might accumulate in some water bodies, but is unlikely to cause adverse effects out to 2100. Graphical abstract

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“…microbial decomposers) will be modified by sustained chronic O 3 exposure (Agathokleous et al 2020a). However, we only have knowledge of O 3 's effects on a limited selection of the world's flora, and even less knowledge on other organisms (Weigel et al 2011;Agathokleous et al 2020a) (Table 1) (but note Bosch et al 2021). There are suggestions that generally herbs/deciduous trees are more susceptible than grasses/ conifers to O 3 (Bergmann et al 2017), and legumes more deleteriously affected than non-legumes (Hewitt et al 2016).…”

Section: Tropospheric Ozone and Restoration Goalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out of sight, Out of mind — but not Out of scope: the need to consider ozone (O₃) in restoration science, policy, and practice

Perring

Bullock

Alison

et al. 2022

Restoration Ecology

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Restoration ecologists have local-to global-scale ambitions in a policy framework of sustainable development goals and reversing biodiversity loss. Emphasis is given to environmental alteration, typically considering land degradation and climate change. Other related environmental drivers, such as pollution, receive less attention. Here we emphasize that terrestrial restoration discourse needs to consider tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) pollution. O 3 's pervasive influence on plants and other ecosystem components provides for the possibility of consequences at community and ecosystem levels. The precursor chemicals that lead to O 3 formation are increasing, precipitously so in rapidly industrializing regions of the world. Yet, a review of critical restoration guidance and journals suggests that because O 3 is out of sight, it remains out of mind. Based on a narrative cross-discipline literature review, we examine: (1) How O 3 could affect the achievement of restoration goals and (2) How restoration interventions could feedback on tropospheric O 3 . Evidence, currently limited, suggests that O 3 could impair the achievement of restoration goals to as great an extent as other drivers, but, in general, we lack direct quantification. Restoration interventions (e.g. tree planting) that may be considered successful can actually exacerbate O 3 pollution with negative consequences for food security and human health. These wide-ranging effects, across multiple goals, mean that O 3 is not out of scope for restoration science, policy, and practice. In detailing a strategic ozone-aware restoration agenda, we suggest how restoration science and policy can quantify O 3 's influence, while outlining steps practitioners can take to adapt to/mitigate the impacts of O 3 pollution.

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Increased tropospheric ozone levels enhance pathogen infection levels of amphibians

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Long-Term Monitoring of Amphibian Populations of a National Park in Northern Spain Reveals Negative Persisting Effects of Ranavirus, but Not Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Long-Term Monitoring of Amphibian Populations of a National Park in Northern Spain Reveals Negative Persisting Effects of Ranavirus, but Not Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Changes in tropospheric air quality related to the protection of stratospheric ozone in a changing climate

Out of sight, Out of mind — but not Out of scope: the need to consider ozone (O₃) in restoration science, policy, and practice

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Increased tropospheric ozone levels enhance pathogen infection levels of amphibians

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Long-Term Monitoring of Amphibian Populations of a National Park in Northern Spain Reveals Negative Persisting Effects of Ranavirus, but Not Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Long-Term Monitoring of Amphibian Populations of a National Park in Northern Spain Reveals Negative Persisting Effects of Ranavirus, but Not Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Changes in tropospheric air quality related to the protection of stratospheric ozone in a changing climate

Out of sight, Out of mind — but not Out of scope: the need to consider ozone (O3) in restoration science, policy, and practice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Out of sight, Out of mind — but not Out of scope: the need to consider ozone (O₃) in restoration science, policy, and practice