Increased Transmission of Vertical Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)‐Infected Infants of HIV‐ and HCV‐Coinfected Women

Papaevangelou, Vassiliki; Pollack, Henry; Rochford, Gemma; Kokka, Robert; Hou, Zhiying; Chernoff, David; Hanna, Bruce A.; Krasinski, Keith; Borkowsky, William

doi:10.1086/515668

Cited by 77 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, in the few infants who underwent liver biopsy, most had evidence of chronic hepatitis. 23,[25][26][27]36,46,66,67 The progression of liver disease for these children remains to be assessed. Fibrosis has been documented, even in asymptomatic infants.…”

Section: Outcome Of Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus

2001

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Section: Outcome Of Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus

2001

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“…In addition, recent studies on HCV exposure in utero hint at a relative fetal suppression of immune activation after HCV-exposure that could shed light in the pathogenesis of HCV MTCT (22,39).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Viral Hepatitis In Hiv-infected Pregnant Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few studies in the pediatric HIV population can be found, but the results are not at all conclusive (21)(22)(23)). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation of Occult Hepatitis Screening in the Spanish Cohort of HIV-infected Pediatric Patients

Dapena

Figueras

Noguera-Julián³

et al. 2013

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…Coinfection with HIV-1 worsens the prognosis of HCV disease (23,27), while HCV-associated liver disease is a common cause of HIV-associated morbidity and mortality (19,28). HCV exists in its host as a collection of variants termed quasispecies (18), whose evolution correlates with viral persistence (6,7,16,34), long-term outcome of HCV disease (13), and response to interferon treatment (9,24).…”

Section: Fig 1 Clinical Parameters Measured In Coinfected Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differing Patterns of Liver Disease Progression and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Quasispecies Evolution in Children Vertically Coinfected with HCV and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Canobio¹,

Guilbert²,

Troesch³

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) quasispeciation was studied in two children vertically coinfected with HCV and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). HCV quasispecies diversification and liver injury were more significant in patient C1, who was immunocompetent with anti-HIV therapy, than in patient C2, who was immunosuppressed, in consistency with modulation of HCV quasispeciation and liver injury by immunocompetence in coinfected children.To characterize the evolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease and the influence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) (17), longitudinal sequence analysis of E2 envelope gene hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) was undertaken for two male Caucasian children (C1 and C2), who acquired HCV and HIV-1 infection by mother-to-child transmission.Patient C1, born in 1996, was treated from birth with zidovudine, which was complemented with lamivudine when HIV-1 cocultures became positive at 6 weeks of age. Early HIV-1 viremia correlated with a rise in CD8 cell counts, a sharp decline in CD4 counts, and an inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio, consistent with acute HIV-1 infection ( Fig. 1A and B) (3). HIV-1 viral load decreased and stabilized at the end of the first year of life, while CD4 counts remained within the normal range. At 1.16 years of age, combination ART (lamivudinestavudine-ritonavir) was introduced, resulting in a further decline in HIV-1 viral load and a rise in CD4 counts (Fig. 1). Levels of alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferases peaked 36 days later, followed by a decline over the following weeks without a change in treatment (Fig. 1C). Infection with HCV-1b (21) at 1.77 years of age was confirmed by PCR. Stored plasma samples were used retrospectively to measure HCV RNA levels, which were not influenced by ART (Fig. 1B). Between the ages of 3 and 6, HIV-1 levels declined but remained detectable, HCV viral load was stable, ALT and AST levels remained at twice normal or less, and CD4 counts declined but remained within the normal range ( Fig. 1) (3). A liver biopsy performed at 5.83 years of age showed chronic hepatitis characterized by distorted lobular architecture together with mild, diffuse lobular inflammation with occasional nodular lymphoid infiltrate and prominent macro-and microvesicular steatosis. Portal tracts were expanded with mononuclear cell infiltrates, and interface hepatitis was present in the majority. Mild periportal and sinusoidal fibrosis was observed.At 4.5 months later, changes in ART brought the HIV-1 viral load to Ͻ50 copies/ml and raised CD4 counts. Common clinical complications related to pediatric HIV infection were not seen. HCV RNA was extracted from plasma and was amplified using previously described primers and conditions (8,9). Strict PCR precautions were adopted. A total of 115 independent subclones were sequenced. Multiple alignments were performed using Clustal X version 1.81 (30). Overall, accumulation of nucleotide substitutions was observed within HVR1 (nucleotides 1482 to 1562), while f...

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Increased Transmission of Vertical Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)‐Infected Infants of HIV‐ and HCV‐Coinfected Women

Cited by 77 publications

References 28 publications

Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus

Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus

Implementation of Occult Hepatitis Screening in the Spanish Cohort of HIV-infected Pediatric Patients

Differing Patterns of Liver Disease Progression and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Quasispecies Evolution in Children Vertically Coinfected with HCV and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

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