Increased Thermal Stability and Reduced Flammability of Polyurethane Foams with an Application of Polyetherols

Lubczak, Jacek; Lubczak, Renata

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98693-3_9

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The lowest mass loss was observed for the PUFs synthesized in GLYC (5.9-6.1%). It was comparable to that of the thermoresistant PUFs obtained from the polyols containing azacyclic components such as isocyanuric acid and purine (6-9%) [49]. The PUFs based on the (CS O + GLYC + GL) + EC polyol showed the highest thermal resistance also at 175 • C (Figure 14).…”

Section: Polyurethane Foamsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Chitosan Oligomer as a Raw Material for Obtaining Polyurethane Foams

Strzałka

Lubczak

2023

Polymers

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Decreasing oil extraction stimulates attempts to use biologically available sources to produce polyols, which are the basic components for obtaining polyurethane foams. Plants are inexhaustible source of oils, sugars, starches, and cellulose. Similar substrates to obtain polyols are chitosans. Commercially available modified chitosans are soluble in water, which gives them the possibility to react with hydroxyalkylating agents. We used a water-soluble chitosan previously to obtain polyols suitable for producing rigid polyurethane foams. Here, we described hydroxyalkylation of a low-molecular-weight chitosan (oligomeric chitosan) with glycidol and ethylene carbonate to obtain polyols. The polyols were isolated and studied in detail by IR, 1H-NMR, and MALDI–ToF methods. Their properties, such as density, viscosity, surface tension, and hydroxyl numbers, were determined. The progress of the hydroxyalkylation reaction of water-soluble chitosan and chitosan oligomer with glycidol was compared in order to characterize the reactivity and mechanism of the process. We found that the hydroxyalkylation of chitosan with glycidol in glycerol resulted in the formation of a multifunctional product suitable for further conversion to polyurethane foams with favorable properties. The straightforward hydroxyalkylation of chitosan with glycidol was accompanied by the oligomerization of glycidol. The hydroxyalkylation of chitosan with glycidol in the presence of ethylene carbonate was accompanied by minor hydroxyalkylation of chitosan with ethylene carbonate. The chosen polyols were used to obtain rigid polyurethane foams which were characterized by physical parameters such as apparent density, water uptake, dimension stability, heat conductance, compressive strength, and heat resistance at 150 and 175 °C. The properties of polyurethane foams obtained from chitosan-oligomer and water-soluble-chitosan sources were compared. Polyurethane foams obtained from polyols synthesized in the presence of glycerol had advantageous properties such as low thermal conductivity, enhanced thermal resistance, dimensional stability, low water uptake, and high compressive strength, growing remarkably upon thermal exposure.

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Section: Polyurethane Foamsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Chitosan Oligomer as a Raw Material for Obtaining Polyurethane Foams

Strzałka

Lubczak

2023

Polymers

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“…The mass loss of obtained PUFs is comparable to that of PUFs containing azacyclic units [ 44 ], which were incorporated deliberately to enhance thermal resistance of PUFs. The latter showed mass loss equal to 6–7% and 20% in comparable conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyols and Polyurethane Foams Obtained from Mixture of Metasilicic Acid and Cellulose

Lubczak

Chmiel-Bator

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Hydroxyalkylation of the mixture of metasilicic acid and cellulose with glycidol and ethylene carbonate leads to a polyol suitable to obtain rigid polyurethane foams. The composition, structure, and physical properties of the polyol were studied in detail. The obtained foams have apparent density, water absorption, and polymerization shrinkage, as well as heat conduction coefficients similar to conventional, rigid polyurethane foams. The polyols and foams obtained from environmentally unobtrusive substrates are easily biodegradable. Additionally, the obtained foams have high thermal resistance and are self-extinguishing. Thermal exposure of the foams leads to an increase of the compressive strength of the material and further reduces their flammability, which renders them suitable for use as heat insulating materials.

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“…Mass loss after 1 month thermal exposure was within 5.1%–8.7% range (Figure 19) except the PUFs obtained from (CS L + GLYC+ GL) + EC polyol, where it was 11.4%–12.6%. Mass loss was comparable and in some cases even lower than thermally resistant PUFs obtained from polyols containing azacyclic rings, like isocyanuric or purine rings 42 . Obtained PUFs were also thermally resistant at 175°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Mass loss was comparable and in some cases even lower than thermally resistant PUFs obtained from polyols containing azacyclic rings, like isocyanuric or purine rings. 42 Obtained PUFs were also thermally resistant at 175 C. They showed mass loss 19.2%-28.1% upon 1 month exposure. The most resistant was 19% at 175 C in case of PUFs obtained from polyol synthesized in two steps process (synthesis 1), based on CS H .…”

Section: Preparation and Properties Of Pufmentioning

confidence: 91%

Polyols and polyurethane foams based on chitosans of various molecular weights

Strzałka,

Dębska,

Lubczak

2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Shrinking resources of fossil oil prompt search for other biosphere‐present substrates to obtain polyols, which in turn are basic components to synthesize polyurethane foams (PUF). Widely available examples are biopolymers like starch, cellulose, and chitosan. It has been shown that oligomeric chitosan as well as water soluble chitosan can be applied to obtain polyols and rigid PUF of good performance properties. In this paper, the higher molecular mass chitosans, insoluble in organic solvents and water, were converted to polyols and ultimately into foamed polyurethane plastics. The polyols were characterized by the infrared spectra (IR), 1H‐NMR, and MALDI‐ToF methods. Their properties, such as density, viscosity, surface tension and hydroxyl numbers, were determined. The PUF were obtained from these polyols of various molecular mass. The biodegradable, rigid PUF of enhanced thermal resistance were obtained. Their physical parameters like apparent density, water volume absorption, dimension stability, heat conductance, compressive strength, and heat resistance at 150 and 175°C were studied and compared with those synthesized previously from oligomeric chitosan and water soluble chitosan.

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Increased Thermal Stability and Reduced Flammability of Polyurethane Foams with an Application of Polyetherols

Cited by 3 publications

References 62 publications

Chitosan Oligomer as a Raw Material for Obtaining Polyurethane Foams

Chitosan Oligomer as a Raw Material for Obtaining Polyurethane Foams

Polyols and Polyurethane Foams Obtained from Mixture of Metasilicic Acid and Cellulose

Polyols and polyurethane foams based on chitosans of various molecular weights

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