Increased Susceptibility of Males to Infection

Schlegel, RobertJ.; Ja, Bellanti

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(69)92278-8

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Adult females generally exhibit a more robust humoral and cell-mediated immune response, leading to increased risk of autoimmune disease and possibly providing some advantage against sepsis compared with males (445), although this has not been thoroughly studied in infants. Some have postulated that genes on the X chromosome regulating thymic development and antibody production may lead to a sepsis gender gap (416). The absence of a sepsis gender gap in more recent studies of VLBW infants may reflect the fact that with increasing survival of the smaller, more vulnerable preterm infants, other risk factors such as prolonged invasive life support systems have overshadowed the male gender risk.…”

Section: Susceptibility Of Very-low-birth-weight Infants To Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Microbiology of Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Twenty percent of very-low-birth-weight (<1500 g) preterm infants experience a serious systemic infection, and despite advances in neonatal intensive care and antimicrobials, mortality is as much as threefold higher for these infants who develop sepsis than their counterparts without sepsis during their hospitalization. Outcomes may be improved by preventative strategies, earlier and accurate diagnosis, and adjunct therapies to combat infection and protect the vulnerable preterm infant during an infection. Earlier diagnosis on the basis of factors such as abnormal heart rate characteristics may offer the ability to initiate treatment prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Molecular and adjunctive diagnostics may also aid in diagnosing invasive infection when clinical symptoms indicate infection but no organisms are isolated in culture. Due to the high morbidity and mortality, preventative and adjunctive therapies are needed. Prophylaxis has been effective in preventing early-onset group B streptococcal sepsis and late-onset Candida sepsis. Future research in prophylaxis using active and passive immunization strategies offers prevention without the risk of resistance to antimicrobials. Identification of the differences in neonatal intensive care units with low and high infection rates and implementation of infection control measures remain paramount in each neonatal intensive care unit caring for preterm infants

show abstract

Section: Susceptibility Of Very-low-birth-weight Infants To Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Microbiology of Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The resistance to infection in females is probably related to presence of mutant immunoregulatory genes located on the X chromosome 13,14 . Prolonged labour and excessive manipulation during labour may increase the incidence of neonatal sepsis 9,10 . Mode of delivery was pervaginal in 74% septic babies of present study and sepsis may be due to excessive manipulation during labour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-relation between Sepsis Score and Blood Culture Report in Neonatal Septicaemia

Afroza

Begum

1970

J. Bangladesh Coll. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To determine the clinical profile and to correlate the sepsis score with blood culture reports in neonatal septicaemia. Methods: Over a period of 6 months (1st week of June to 1st week of December'2005) 50 consecutive newborns with suspected septicaemia were enrolled for the study. It was a prospective study and septicaemia was suspected on the basis of clinical presentation like reluctance to feed, lethargy, fever, abdominal distension etc. Sepsis scoring was done for all of them immediately after enrolment into the study. Investigations like CBC, CRP and blood culture were sent for all the enrolled cases. Then the sepsis scores were compared with their blood culture reports to find out any correlation between them. The data analysis was done by SPSS software. Results: Among the 50 studied babies 31 were male and rest were female. Most of them were delivered by vaginal delivery (74%) but no significant difference was observed among home and institutional delivery. During delivery 24 babies experienced some problems of which 83.3% had perinatal asphyxia. About 59% of the studied babies were not exclusively breastfed. Majority of them (62%) presented with reluctance to feed and 54% were preterm low birth weight. Fever and respiratory distress were present in 19 (38%) and 18 (36%) cases respectively. Forty two percent studied babies had positive sepsis score 5 and above. Regarding correlation of blood culture and sepsis score, 70% culture positive cases had sepsis score 5 and above whereas 35% of culture negative cases had the same score. Sensitivity and specificity of sepsis score was 70 and 65 respectively with CI interval 95%. Conclusion: Sepsis score can be considered as an useful tool in the diagnosis of neonatal septicaemia specially where there is lack of investigational facilities. Before using this tool further evaluation is needed involving large sample size. Key words: Neonatal septicaemia, sepsis score, blood culture. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i2.4185 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 79-82

show abstract

“…Females respond to antigenic stimulation with higher humoral antibody production {2,3), and are leas susceptible to infection (4,5). Investigations have indicated that testosterone plays a primary role in regulating antibody response.…”

Section: Influence Of Testosterone On Antibody Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are clearl~ evident in the marked differences reported between male and female immunological responses. F~males ~e more immunocompetent than males as evidenced by higher humoral ant~body p~oduQtion (2,3), lowered susceptibility to inf~ction (4,5), and.more efficient graft rejection (6). In addition, the incidence ot autoimmune disease, tor example,.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen-induced immunosuppression

Weyant¹

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is wel females are more immunocompetent than males as evidenced by higher humoral antibody titers, iowered· susceptibility to infection, ~d more efficient graft rejection.Furthermore, females also exhibit a much-higher inc~dence ot ~uto-immune disease. In order to amplify the sensitivity of the responding system, we then elected to study testosterone immunosuppression in a regenerating hemopoietic system which was recovering from the ablative effects of sublethal irradiation.It w~s observed, using ~rradiated mice, that orchidectomy resulted in striking immunoenhancement, where as testosterone treatment produced suppression of the antibody response to S~BC immunization.A possible mechanism for the testosterone effect consisting of a preferential differentiation of the regenerating stem cell population ~long the myeloid pathway was explored. Differential white blood cell counts indicated that testosterone administration can produce a reversal ot the granulocyte:lymphocyte ratio resulting in a marked granulocytosis ~ith acco~panying lymphopenia. Interestingly, in one experiment where testosterone had been observed to induce this reversal of the granulocyte:lymphocyte ratio at eight weeks following irradiation, by 12 week~ the blood picture had returned to normal. However, marked immunosuppression was still evldent in these animals. 3These data have suggested that the immunosuppression pro~uced by testosterone may be the result of a preferential differentiat~on of.the regenerating stem cell population along the myeloid pathway, with a concurrent suppression of lymphocyte production. Furthermore, evidence suggests that there may be a selective sensitivity of one immunocyte subpopulation to testosterone modulation of differentiation. ANDROGEN-INDUCED IHMUHOSUPPRESSIONby DEBRA ANN WEY~T

show abstract

Increased Susceptibility of Males to Infection

Cited by 50 publications

References 8 publications

Clinical Microbiology of Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Clinical Microbiology of Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Co-relation between Sepsis Score and Blood Culture Report in Neonatal Septicaemia

Androgen-induced immunosuppression

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About