Increased serum vascular endothelial growth factor is associated with acute viral encephalitis in Bangladeshi children

Mori, Daisuke; Khanam, Wahida; Sheikh, Rahamot Ali; Tabib, Seyed Masoud; Ikebe, Emi; Hossain, Mohammad Moshaddeque; Iha, Hidekatsu; Ahmed, Kamruddin

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16474-3

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, the strong positive correlation between VEGF and IL-1RA serum levels was observed exclusively in non-neurological disease, suggesting a distinct mechanism of inflammation control in the neurological disorder. Elevated levels of serum VEGF were observed in children with viral encephalitis (51), in untreated patients with HIV-associated encephalopathy (52), and in patients with severe dengue (53,54). On the hand, EGF levels were increased in CSF of patients with neurological manifestations and did not show significant correlations with other molecules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cytokines and Soluble HLA-G Levels in the Acute and Recovery Phases of Arbovirus-Infected Brazilian Patients Exhibiting Neurological Complications

et al. 2021

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Severe neurological complications following arbovirus infections have been a major concern in seasonal outbreaks, as reported in the Northeast region of Brazil, where the same mosquito transmitted Zika (ZIKV), Dengue (DENV), and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. In this study, we evaluated the levels of 36 soluble markers, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and soluble HLA-G (Luminex and ELISA) in: i) serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), during the acute phase and two years after the infection (recovery phase, only serum), ii) the relationship among all soluble molecules in serum and CSF, and iii) serum of infected patients without neurological complications, during the acute infection. Ten markers (sHLA-G, IL-10, IL-22, IL-8, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, HGF, VEGF, and IL-1RA) exhibited differential levels between the acute and recovery phases, with pronounced increases in MIP-1α (P<0.0001), MCP-1 (P<0.0001), HGF (P= 0.0001), and VEGF (P<0.0001) in the acute phase. Fourteen molecules (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, IFN-α, TNF, and G-CSF) exhibited distinct levels between arbovirus patients presenting or not neurological complications. IL-8, EGF, IL-6, and MCP-1 levels were increased in CSF, while RANTES and Eotaxin levels were higher in serum. Soluble serum (IL-22, RANTES, Eotaxin) and CSF (IL-8, EGF, IL-3) mediators may discriminate putative risks for neurological complications following arbovirus infections. Neurological complications were associated with the presence of a predominant inflammatory profile, whereas in non-complicated patients an anti-inflammatory profile may predominate. Mediators associated with neuroregeneration (EGF and IL-3) may be induced in response to neurological damage. Broad spectrum immune checkpoint molecules (sHLA-G) interact with cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. The identification of soluble markers may be useful to monitor neurological complications and may aid in the development of novel therapies against neuroinflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cytokines and Soluble HLA-G Levels in the Acute and Recovery Phases of Arbovirus-Infected Brazilian Patients Exhibiting Neurological Complications

et al. 2021

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“…In the process of full-text revision, 88 articles did not meet the eligibility criteria and were excluded for different reasons, as outlined in Fig 1 based on PRISMA guidelines (_((((xxx))))_)[ 39 – 103 ]. In some of the excluded articles, the study was conducted to compare cytokines levels in other illnesses or different stages of encephalitis, all lacking control groups (_((((xxx))))_)[ 44 , 45 , 47 , 50 , 53 , 54 , 64 – 66 , 69 , 71 , 72 , 74 – 76 , 80 – 86 , 89 , 90 , 94 , 95 , 100 – 103 ]. There were articles whose results could not be included in this review because of being in vivo, in vitro, case reports, review articles, and conference abstracts (_((((xxx))))_)[ 39 , 40 , 42 , 46 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 55 , 57 , 59 , 61 , 63 , 67 , 68 , 73 , 78 , 79 , 93 , 97 – 99 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines and chemokines profile in encephalitis patients: A meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Encephalitis is caused by autoimmune or infectious agents marked by brain inflammation. Investigations have reported altered concentrations of the cytokines in encephalitis. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between encephalitis and alterations of cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. Methods We found possibly suitable studies by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, systematically from inception to August 2021. 23 articles were included in the meta-analysis. To investigate sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. The protocol of the study has been registered in PROSPERO with a registration ID of CRD42021289298. Results A total of 23 met our eligibility criteria to be included in the meta-analysis. A total of 12 cytokines were included in the meta-analysis of CSF concentration. Moreover, 5 cytokines were also included in the serum/plasma concentration meta-analysis. According to the analyses, patients with encephalitis had higher CSF amounts of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CXCL10, and TNF-α than healthy controls. The alteration in the concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL13, and IFN-γ was not significant. In addition, the serum/plasma levels of the TNF-α were increased in encephalitis patients, but serum/plasma concentration of the IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, and CXCL13 remained unchanged. Conclusions This meta-analysis provides evidence for higher CSF concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CXCL10, and TNF-α in encephalitis patients compared to controls. The diagnostic and prognostic value of these cytokines and chemokines should be investigated in future studies.

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“…Xing et al (2020) used nextgeneration metagenomic sequencing to diagnose viral encephalitis, achieving an AUC of 0.659 (95% CI: 0.566-0.751). Mori et al (2017) found serum vascular endothelial growth factor was able to discriminate virus-positive and virus-negative encephalitis in a study of Bangladeshi children with an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.66-0.98). The primary infection and replication of the major causative agents of VEVM usually occur in the oral cavity (Thompson et al, 2012;Rozenberg, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Alterations of oral microbiota in Chinese children with viral encephalitis and/or viral meningitis

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2022

J Microbiol.

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The role of oral microbiota in viral encephalitis and/or viral meningitis (VEVM) remains unclear. In this hospital-based, frequency-matched study, children with clinically diagnosed VEVM (n = 68) and those with other diseases (controls, n = 68) were recruited. Their oral swab samples were collected and the oral microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The oral microbiota of children with VEVM exhibited different beta diversity metrics (unweighted UniFrac distance: P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.025, Bray-curtis dissimilarity: P = 0.045, R 2 = 0.011, and Jaccard dissimilarity: P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.017) and higher relative abundances of taxa identified by Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with effect size (Enterococcus, Pedobacter, Massilia, Prevotella_9, Psychrobacter, Butyricimonas, Bradyrhizobium, etc., LDA scores > 2.0) when compared with the control group. The higher pathway abundance of steroid hormone biosynthesis predicted by oral microbiota was suggested to be linked to VEVM (q = 0.020). Further, a model based on oral microbial traits showed good predictive performance for VEVM with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.920 (95% confidence interval: 0.834-1.000). Similar results were also obtained between children with etiologically diagnosed VEVM (n = 43) and controls (n = 68). Our preliminary study identified VEVM-specific oral microbial traits among children, which can be effective in the diagnosis of VEVM.

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Increased serum vascular endothelial growth factor is associated with acute viral encephalitis in Bangladeshi children

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Cytokines and Soluble HLA-G Levels in the Acute and Recovery Phases of Arbovirus-Infected Brazilian Patients Exhibiting Neurological Complications

Cytokines and Soluble HLA-G Levels in the Acute and Recovery Phases of Arbovirus-Infected Brazilian Patients Exhibiting Neurological Complications

Cytokines and chemokines profile in encephalitis patients: A meta-analysis

Alterations of oral microbiota in Chinese children with viral encephalitis and/or viral meningitis

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