Increased serum concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors p55 and p75 in early onset neonatal sepsis

Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor‐1 in preterm infants with chronic lung disease

“…sTNFR‐1 and sTNFR‐2 are fragments that are shed into the blood due to proteolytic cleavage of TNFR‐1 and TNFR‐2, respectively. Shedding of sTNFR‐1 and sTNFR‐2 increases when there are increased levels of cytokines such as TNF and IL‐6 14 . An increased sTNFR‐1 level is a marker of existing infection.…”

Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1) is associated with increased total mortality due to cancer and cardiovascular causes – Findings from two community based cohorts of elderly

“…Several studies suggest an association between leukocyte activity and the occurrence of TNF receptors in serum, providing evidence that TNFR1 could constitute potent biomarkers for immunological cell responses, such as severe infections, transplantation-related complications as well as certain malignancies [27,28]. To exemplify, leukocyte cultures from breast cancer patients has been shown to secrete sTNFRs to a higher extent than cultures from healthy subjects, suggesting that the release of these molecules play a role in the immune systems native anti-tumor defense [29].…”

Inflammatory Mediators in Umbilical Plasma from Neonates Who Develop Early-Onset Sepsis

“…In neonates, the immune system may not be fully developed [2]. Nevertheless, neonatal monocytes have the capacity to secrete cytokines in vitro [1,3,4], and high levels of TNF·, IL-6, IL-8, p55, p75 and IL-1RA have been detected in peripheral blood from septic neonates, suggesting that a mature cytokine response may be established towards term [5][6][7][8].…”