Increased Serum Cathepsin K in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

PurposeCathepsin K is a potent collagenase implicated in human and animal atherosclerosis-based vascular remodeling. This study examined the hypothesis that serum CatK is associated with the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD).Materials and MethodsBetween January 2011 and December 2012, 256 consecutive subjects were enrolled from among patients who underwent coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention treatment. A total of 129 age-matched subjects served as controls.ResultsThe subjects' serum cathepsin K and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured. The patients with CAD had significantly higher serum cathepsin K levels compared to the controls (130.8±25.5 ng/mL vs. 86.9±25.5 ng/mL, p<0.001), and the patients with acute coronary syndrome had significantly higher serum cathepsin K levels compared to those with stable angina pectoris (137.1±26.9 ng/mL vs. 102.6±12.9 ng/mL, p<0.001). A linear regression analysis showed that overall, the cathepsin K levels were inversely correlated with the high-density lipoprotein levels (r=-0.29, p<0.01) and positively with hs-CRP levels (r=0.32, p<0.01). Multiple logistic regression analyses shows that cathepsin K levels were independent predictors of CAD (odds ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.56; p<0.01).ConclusionThese data indicated that elevated levels of cathepsin K are closely associated with the presence of CAD and that circulating cathepsin K serves a useful biomarker for CAD.

Cathepsin K activity controls cardiotoxin‐induced skeletal muscle repair in mice

“…Cathepsin family members such as CatK and CatS have been shown to play a critical role in metabolic and inflammatory cardiovascular disorders . Several clinical studies reported that there is relationship between plasma CatK levels and cardiovascular disease stages and progression . Our research and studies by other groups have demonstrated the increased expression and activity of CatK in cardiovascular tissues in response to various injuries .…”

“…[15][16][17] Several clinical studies reported that there is relationship between plasma CatK levels and cardiovascular disease stages and progression. [18][19][20] Our research and studies by other groups have demonstrated the increased expression and activity of CatK in cardiovascular tissues in response to various injuries. [15][16][17] The ability of CTX injury to increase CatK expression and activity probably contributed to the muscle repair under our experimental conditions.…”

“…Initially, cathepsins were recognized to function as scavengers for protein recycling in lysosomes and endosomes of mammalian cells under physiological and pathological conditions . However, the recognition of the cysteinyl cathepsins led to the exploration of their functions in metabolic and inflammatory cardiovascular disorders . Like the members of the MMP family, most of the cathepsins have been shown to be regulatory exoproteases that are widely expressed in various tissues or cells by inflammatory cytokines and growth factors .…”

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] However, the recognition of the cysteinyl cathepsins led to the exploration of their functions in metabolic and inflammatory cardiovascular disorders. [16][17][18][19][20] Like the members of the MMP family, most of the cathepsins have been shown to be regulatory exoproteases that are widely expressed in various tissues or cells by inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. [21][22][23][24] CatK is one of the most potent of the mammalian elastases and collagenases.…”

Lack of Superiority for Soluble ST2 over High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein in Predicting High Risk Coronary Artery Calcium Score in a Community Cohort

“…In the MESA study, inflammatory markers, such as CRP, IL-6, and fibrinogen, were weakly associated with CAC presence and burden. The authors of that study suggested that inflammatory biomarkers and CAC may reflect a distinct pathophysiology of atherosclerosis 2021. Also, a recent report from the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study showed that sST2 is not associated with coronary angiographic disease severity 22.…”