Increased Seroprevalence of HBV DNA With Mutations in the S Gene Among Individuals Greater Than 18 Years Old After Complete Vaccination

Reduced Prevalence of HBsAg Variants following a Successful Immunization Program in China

“…As shown by Hsu et al, and in fact by this study as well, this leads to only a relative increase of such mutants and not to an absolute one (3,4). Second, in 2012, Lai and coworkers reported a "so-called" rise in the prevalence of HBV envelope mutants in adults immunized against HBV 18 to 21 years previously in Taiwan (5). An editorial by D. Shouval and S. Locarnini challenged the concept expressed in this article that some of these mutants are indeed confirmed vaccine escape mutants (VEM), emphasizing that not all HBsAg variants are VEMs (6).…”

Hepatitis B viremia in completely immunized individuals negative for anti-hepatitis B core antibody

“…[15] This reversion in anti-HBs prevalence (waning before 14 years of age followed by waxing beyond) has been observed in several epidemiological surveys. [10,11,16] The waning and waxing of anti-HBs was reported to be especially prominent in those with lower peak anti-HBs (10–99 mIU/mL) after neonatal vaccination in Gambia. [16,17] These findings led to speculation that isolated anti-HBs could be the only seromarker of HBV infection in some vaccines.…”

“…Previous epidemiological studies on the efficacy of HBV vaccines in Taiwan demonstrated a progressive decrease with age in the prevalence of isolated anti-HBs, followed by a progressive increase in the prevalence of anti-HBs with or without anti-HBc. [10,11] To identify cases of OBI, only those who were positive for anti-HBc were selected for molecular testing. [11,12] The increased prevalence of isolated anti-HBs could be caused by boosting from either vaccines or natural encounters with HBV.…”

Variantes de escape del virus de la hepatitis B

“…Por lo tanto, la emergencia y diseminación de estas cepas pueden crear un problema de salud pública de gran importancia. Incluso existen modelos matemáticos que predicen el predominio a nivel global en un período de 60-100 años de la variante de escape G145R, la más estable de cuantas se conocen, sobre las cepas silvestres que circulan en la actualidad, y la sustitución total dentro de aproximadamente 200 años [58][59] . Dado que la vacunación de la población susceptible es fundamental para el control de la infección por el VHB, la comunidad científica se afana por diseñar nuevos prototipos de vacunas que disipen este problema.…”