Increased Scalp Hair Cortisol Concentrations in Obese Children

Veldhorst, Margriet A. B.; Noppe, Gerard; Jongejan, Mieke H. T. M.; Kok, Chantine B. M.; Mekić, Selma; Koper, Jan W.; Rossum, Elisabeth F.C. van; Akker, Erica L T van den

doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2924

Cited by 104 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The association between cortisol and adiposity has been debated for a long time, with most studies showing a relative increase in urinary cortisol, but a decrease or unaffected cortisol in time-point measures (blood or saliva) [25]. However, we and others have reported increased HCC in association with increased BMI and abdominal adiposity [14][15][16][26][27][28], supporting the hypothesis that a slight increase in long-term cortisol exposure is associated with increased adiposity. Our results indicate that also in patients with structural heart disease long-term cortisol is associated with increased BMI, and could therefore modulate CVD risk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Cortisol levels in scalp hair of patients with structural heart disease

Younge

Wester

Rossum

et al. 2015

International Journal of Cardiology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Cortisol levels in scalp hair of patients with structural heart disease

Younge

Wester

Rossum

et al. 2015

International Journal of Cardiology

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“…Alternatively, obesity itself might be the primary stimulus for either global overactivation of the HPA axis resulting in increased circulating cortisol concentrations, or increases in cortisol availability or activity at the level of the target tissues, or both. Chronically increased glucocorticoid production and increased hair cortisol (consistent with chronic free cortisol excess) have been associated with obesity in several studies in people,38, 39, 40, 41 and are consistent with long‐standing over‐activity of the HPA axis in obese states. Tissue cortisol metabolism also appears to be altered in obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Effect of Age, Season, Body Condition, and Endocrine Status on Serum Free Cortisol Fraction and Insulin Concentration in Horses

Hart

Wochele

Norton

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundIncreased free cortisol fraction is associated with insulin dysregulation (ID) in people with Metabolic Syndrome and Cushing's Disease. Free cortisol has not been investigated in equine endocrine disorders.Hypotheses(1) In healthy horses, sex, age, body condition score (BCS), and season impact free cortisol; (2) free cortisol is increased in horses with Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID) or Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS).AnimalsFifty‐seven healthy horses; 40 horses and ponies with PPID (n = 20) or EMS (n = 20).MethodsProspective study. Serum collected seasonally from healthy animals and archived serum from PPID and EMS animals was analyzed for insulin, total and free cortisol concentrations, and free cortisol fraction (FCF). Linear mixed models were used to determine effects of age, sex, season, and BCS on hormones in controls. Hormone measurements were compared between disease groups and age‐ and season‐matched controls with t‐tests. EMS and hyperinsulinemic PPID animals were combined in an ID (hyperinsulinemia) group.ResultsFree cortisol concentrations were increased in overweight/obese controls (0.3 ± 0.1 μg/dL) compared to lean controls (0.2 ± 0.1 μg/dL; P = .017). Mean FCF was significantly higher in animals with PPID (8.8 ± 5.8 μg/dL, P = .005) or ID (8.8 ± 10.2 μg/dL, P = .039) than controls (5.0 ± 0.9 μg/dL), but total cortisol concentrations were similar (P ≥ .350) (PPID: 4.2 ± 4.3 μg/dL; ID: 5.0 ± 4.5 μg/dL; controls: 4.6 ± 1.7 and 5.1 ± 2.1 μg/dL).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIncreased FCF is associated with obesity in healthy horses and with ID (hyperinsulinemia) in horses and ponies with endocrine disease. Decreased plasma cortisol‐binding capacity could be a component of these endocrine disorders in horses.

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“…Urinary cortisol has been reported increased in obese individuals compared to lean individuals, but this increase is generally not reflected in serum or salivary cortisol levels (24). We found that in both adult and pediatric obese patients, HCC are increased compared to non-obese healthy controls (29,30). Furthermore, HCC positively correlates with BMI in multiple other studies (21,28,31,32,33,34).…”

Section: Cardiometabolic Statusmentioning

confidence: 51%

Clinical applications of cortisol measurements in hair

Wester

Rossum

2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

171

141

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Cortisol measurements in blood, saliva and urine are frequently used to examine the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in clinical practice and in research. However, cortisol levels are subject to variations due to acute stress, the diurnal rhythm and pulsatile secretion. Cortisol measurements in body fluids are not always a reflection of long-term cortisol exposure. The analysis of cortisol in scalp hair is a relatively novel method to measure cumulative cortisol exposure over months up to years. Over the past years, hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) have been examined in association with a large number of somatic and mental health conditions. HCC can be used to evaluate disturbances of the HPA axis, including Cushing's syndrome, and to evaluate hydrocortisone treatment. Using HCC, retrospective timelines of cortisol exposure can be created which can be of value in diagnosing cyclic hypercortisolism. HCC have also been shown to increase with psychological stressors, including major life events, as well as physical stressors, such as endurance exercise and shift work. Initial studies show that HCC may be increased in depression, but decreased in general anxiety disorder. In posttraumatic stress disorder, changes in HCC seem to be dependent on the type of traumatic experience and the time since traumatization. Increased hair cortisol is consistently linked to obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Potentially, HCC could form a future marker for cardiovascular risk stratification, as well as serve as a treatment target.

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Increased Scalp Hair Cortisol Concentrations in Obese Children

Cited by 104 publications

References 32 publications

Cortisol levels in scalp hair of patients with structural heart disease

Cortisol levels in scalp hair of patients with structural heart disease

Effect of Age, Season, Body Condition, and Endocrine Status on Serum Free Cortisol Fraction and Insulin Concentration in Horses

Clinical applications of cortisol measurements in hair

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