Increased RO concentrate toxicity following application of antiscalants – Acute toxicity tests with the amphipods Gammarus pulex and Gammarus roeseli

Feiner, Mona; Beggel, Sebastian; Jaeger, Nadine; Geist, Juergen

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.021

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This result supports our previous findings of the undiluted RO concentrate without antiscalant not being toxic to aquatic organisms [24]. Furthermore, the concentrate including the antiscalant did not impair the development of brown trout early life-stages even at the highest test-concentration representing the short-term NOEC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Concentrates are characterized by high amounts of sulfate (>2500 mg/L) and a very high water hardness (>230 dGH). For detailed information on source and chemical characterization of the concentrates, see Feiner et al [24]. Corresponding to previously conducted acute toxicity tests with the amphipods G. pulex and G. roeseli [24], the test concentrations were 5%, 10%, and 24% (v/v) for FF8 and 5%, 10%, 24%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (v/v) for PURE, with the highest test concentrations representing (no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs).…”

Section: Reverse Osmosis Concentratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For detailed information on source and chemical characterization of the concentrates, see Feiner et al [24]. Corresponding to previously conducted acute toxicity tests with the amphipods G. pulex and G. roeseli [24], the test concentrations were 5%, 10%, and 24% (v/v) for FF8 and 5%, 10%, 24%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (v/v) for PURE, with the highest test concentrations representing (no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs). The reverse osmosis concentrates were mixed with water from the Kürnach stream (Würzburg, Germany) into which the effluent was to be released to generate the chosen test concentrations under a realistic exposure scenario.…”

Section: Reverse Osmosis Concentratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific guidelines using amphipods as test species have already been published by the USEPA, including Hyalella azteca [20,21] and Gammarus spp. [22], and a variety of studies on short-term effects assessments of different test substances on these species have been published [23,24]. However, investigations on long-term effects are scarce, possibly because of difficulties in the cultivation of amphipods [25], and a lack of standardized exposure systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The local fauna is dominated by the amphipods G. pulex and G. roeseli, as well as the brown trout S. trutta [34] providing an additional argument for the choice of the 2 test species in our study. Following acute toxicity tests with the 2 Gammarus species [24], we conducted a chronic early-life stage test with S. trutta. Using the miniature circulatory system, possible effects of the concentrate at different concentrations on the embryo development and yolk sac fry in S. trutta were assessed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Miniature circulatory systems: A new exposure system for ecotoxicological effect assessments in riverine organisms

Feiner

Beggel

Geist

2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Long-term effect assessments in ecotoxicological investigations are important, yet there is a lack of suitable exposure systems for these experiments that can be used for riverine species. A cost-efficient miniature circulatory system was developed that was evaluated for its applicability in long-term exposures in 2 stream-dwelling species: brown trout (Salmo trutta) and an amphipod (Gammarus roeseli). In an egg-to-fry exposure of S. trutta, the toxicity of 2 reverse osmosis concentrates was investigated as examples. Control hatching rate of yolk sac fry was 75 ± 7% and thus complies with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development validity criterion (≥66%). The reverse osmosis concentrates did not impair the hatching rate in any tested concentration. In G. roeseli, mortality rates remained below 20% during a 21-d cultivation, fulfilling the common validity criterion in ecotoxicological testing. Mortality was significantly lower when the species was fed with conditioned alder leaves instead of an artificial shrimp food. Finally, a toxicity test on G. roeseli using copper as the test substance revealed median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 156 μg/L after 96 h and 99 μg/L after 264 h, which is in line with literature findings using other accepted exposure units. In conclusion, the miniature circulatory system provides a novel and cost-efficient exposure system for long-term investigations on riverine species that may also be applicable for other species of fishes and macroinvertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2827-2833. © 2016 SETAC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Reverse Osmosis Concentratesmentioning

confidence: 99%