Increased risk of tuberculosis in patients with end-stage renal disease: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan, a country of high incidence of end-stage renal disease

Hu, Hsiao Yun; Wu, Ching‐Yi; Huang, Nicole; Chou, Yiing Jenq; Chang, Yeun‐Chung; Chu, De-Jie

doi:10.1017/s0950268813000551

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…It is not known why only 10% of individuals infected with Mtb develop active disease. Apart from diverse risk factors such as diabetes, smoking, and chronic renal failure (Hu et al 2014), several genes have been found to be associated with increased susceptibility to, or resistance against, Mtb (Möller et al 2010).…”

Section: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis Of Tb Pulmonary Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Aspects of Adult Tuberculosis

Loddenkemper

Lipman

Zumla

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

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Tuberculosis (TB) in adults can present in a large number of ways. The lung is the predominant site of TB. Primary pulmonary TB should be distinguished from postprimary pulmonary TB, which is the most frequent TB manifestation in adults (70%-80% cases). Cough is common, although the chest radiograph often raises suspicion of disease. Sputum sampling is a key step in the diagnosis of TB, and invasive procedures such as bronchoscopy may be necessary to achieve adequate samples for diagnosis. Extrapulmonary involvement, which may present many years after exposure, occurs in a variable proportion of cases (20%-45%). This reflects the country of origin of patients and also the frequency of associated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. In the latter case, the presentation of TB is often nonspecific, and care needs to be taken to not miss the diagnosis. Anti-TB therapy should be given in line with proven (or assumed) drug resistance. In extrapulmonary TB, adjunctive therapeutic measures may be indicated; although in all cases, support is often required to ensure that people are able to complete treatment with minimal adverse events and maximal adherence to the prescribed regimen, and so reduce risk of future disease for themselves and others.

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Section: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis Of Tb Pulmonary Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Aspects of Adult Tuberculosis

Loddenkemper

Lipman

Zumla

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

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“…Patients with end stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis (ESRD) are also at an increased risk of TB, especially within 2 years of onset of ESRD (95). It has been estimated that incidence of TB in patients with ESRD is more than 10 times greater than in the general population (49).…”

Section: Medical Conditions Other Than Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Completing treatment for latent tuberculosis: patient background matters

Kan¹,

Kalin²,

Bruchfeld³

2013

int j tuberc lung dis

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“…1 The main reasons are impaired cell-mediated immunity, immunosuppressive medications, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection, and diabetes mellitus (DM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of tuberculosis is high in chronic kidney disease patients in South East England and drug resistance common

et al. 2016

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The risk of tuberculosis (TB) is significantly increased in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Data on TB in CKD in the UK are sparse; most information stems from countries with high background prevalence. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of TB in CKD patients in South East London and to describe the epidemiology, treatment, and outcome. CKD patients with TB between 1994 and 2010 were identified retrospectively. Data were collected on type of renal replacement therapy, the method of TB diagnosis, disease site, treatment regimens, and risk factors. Forty patients were identified of whom 67.5% had CKD stages IV-V. Sixty-five percent were from non-UK born ethnic minorities. Median time from diagnosis of CKD to TB development was 12 months (range 0-192 months). Cumulative incidence of TB was 1267/100,000 [95% confidence interval (CI): 630-1904; 85 Â background UK rate] in hemodialysis patients; 398/100,000 (95% CI: 80-1160; 26 Â background UK rate) in peritoneal dialysis; and 522/100,000 (CI: 137-909; 35 Â background UK rate) in transplant recipients. Sixty-three percent of patients had pulmonary TB and 25% of patients with culture-positive TB had resistant isolates. Fifty percent of patients were immunosuppressed due to drugs, diabetes, and/or retroviral disease. Treatment regimens were according to recent national guidance in 73% of cases. Seventy-six percent of patients experienced side effects. Greater awareness of risk factors, drug resistance, treatment regimens, and potential side effects is needed. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Increased risk of tuberculosis in patients with end-stage renal disease: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan, a country of high incidence of end-stage renal disease

Cited by 32 publications

References 16 publications

Clinical Aspects of Adult Tuberculosis

Clinical Aspects of Adult Tuberculosis

Completing treatment for latent tuberculosis: patient background matters

Incidence of tuberculosis is high in chronic kidney disease patients in South East England and drug resistance common

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