Increased risk of psychosis in patients with hearing impairment: Review and meta-analyses

Linszen, Mascha M J; Brouwer, Rachel M.; Heringa, Sophie M.; Sommer, Iris

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.12.012

Cited by 96 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 181 publications

(170 reference statements)

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“…Hearing loss is a risk factor for psychosis (Linszen et al, 2016), but it is unlikely that patients failed to hear Badcock et al’s (2002) and Hughes et al’s (2012) auditory stop signals as they were highly salient (e.g., ~85 dB SPL in Hughes et al), so it seems more likely that the locus of the deficit is more central. Alternatively, patients could have had difficulty switching their attention between the visual go signal and the auditory stop signal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failures of cognitive control or attention? The case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia

Matzke

Hughes

Badcock

et al. 2017

Atten Percept Psychophys

117

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We used Bayesian cognitive modelling to identify the underlying causes of apparent inhibitory deficits in the stop-signal paradigm. The analysis was applied to stop-signal data reported by Badcock et al. (Psychological Medicine 32: 87-297, 2002) and Hughes et al. (Biological Psychology 89: 220-231, 2012), where schizophrenia patients and control participants made rapid choice responses, but on some trials were signalled to stop their ongoing response. Previous research has assumed an inhibitory deficit in schizophrenia, because estimates of the mean time taken to react to the stop signal are longer in patients than controls. We showed that these longer estimates are partly due to failing to react to the stop signal (“trigger failures”) and partly due to a slower initiation of inhibition, implicating a failure of attention rather than a deficit in the inhibitory process itself. Correlations between the probability of trigger failures and event-related potentials reported by Hughes et al. are interpreted as supporting the attentional account of inhibitory deficits. Our results, and those of Matzke et al. (2016), who report that controls also display a substantial although lower trigger-failure rate, indicate that attentional factors need to be taken into account when interpreting results from the stop-signal paradigm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failures of cognitive control or attention? The case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia

Matzke

Hughes

Badcock

et al. 2017

Atten Percept Psychophys

117

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“…Of relevance here, a recent meta-analysis of epidemiological data showed that hearing impairment (irrespective of the type, origin, or severity) is a significant risk factor for the presence of hallucinations, odds ratio = 1.4; 95 CI: 1.18–1.65 (Linszen et al, 2016). Of 5 eligible studies, 2 focused specifically on healthy older adults (70 years +) in the general community (Turvey et al, 2001; Östling and and Skoog, 2002).…”

Section: Factors Associated With Hallucinations In Older Adultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hallucinations in Healthy Older Adults: An Overview of the Literature and Perspectives for Future Research

2017

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KEY POINTS ➢ Studies suggest a substantial minority of healthy older adults have hallucinatory experiences, in line with existing evidence on hallucinations in other age groups, though it is still unclear if hallucination prevalence increases or declines with age in older cohorts.➢ Stigma attached to both hallucinations and ageing leads to considerable under-reporting of these experiences in healthy older adults and may negatively bias how professionals, family members, and the public respond.➢ Why and when hallucinations in healthy older adults remit, persist, or progress to other clinical disorders remains poorly understood.➢ Current evidence points to a range of factors associated with hallucinations in older adults including decline in sensory or cognitive functioning, poor sleep, and psychosocial stressors (e.g., social isolation, loneliness, and bereavement), highlighting the need for accurate assessment and tailored interventions.Hallucinations, though common in youth and younger adults, are not the preserve of these age groups. Accumulating evidence shows that hallucinatory experiences are also present at surprisingly high rates in healthy older adults in the general community. Furthermore, stigma and misunderstanding of hallucinations, together with ageism, may lead to under-reporting of these experiences by older adults, and misdiagnosis or mismanagement by health and mental health practitioners. Consequently, improved public and professional knowledge is needed about the nature and significance of hallucinations with advancing age. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview, and critical analysis, of research on the prevalence, psychosocial, and neurobiological factors associated with hallucinations in people aged 60 years and over. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review of its kind in the literature. The evidence supports a dynamic conceptualization of hallucinations, in which the emergence of hallucinations is viewed as a balance between the sensory, cognitive, or social impairments accompanying advancing age and the degree to which compensatory processes elicited by these impairments are successful. We briefly summarize the implications of the literature for aged care services and interventions, and stress that far more studies are needed in this important field of research.

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“…Therefore, visual acuity testing and cataract treatment constitutes first-line management in case of visual hallucinations. Auditory acuity testing should also be taken into account as auditory hallucinations may also occur in AD, whereas increased risk of psychosis may exist in patients with hearing impairment [80]. It is noteworthy, however, that in the advanced stages of AD, the benefit/risk balance for surgery (e.g., cataract surgery) or general anesthesia cansway the decision against such intensive measures.…”

Section: Assessment and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and neurocognitive aspects of hallucinations in Alzheimer’s disease

Haj

Roche

Jardri

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Due to their prevalence, hallucinations are considered as one of the most frequent psychotic symptom in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These psychotic manifestations reduce patients’ well-being, increase the burden of caregivers, contribute to early institutionalization, and are found to be related with the course of cognitive decline in AD. Considering their consequences, we provide a comprehensive account of the current state of knowledge about the prevalence and characteristics of hallucinations in AD. We provide a comprehensive and testable theoretical model about hallucinations in AD: the ALZHA (ALZheimer and HAllucinations) model. In this model, neurological, genetic, cognitive, affective, and iatrogenic factors associated with hallucinations in AD are highlighted. According to this model, hallucinations in AD first involve trait markers (i.e., cognitive deficits, neurological deficits, genetic predisposition and/or sensory deficits) to which state markers that may specifically trigger these experiences are added (e.g., psychological distress and/or iatrogenic factors). Finally, we provide recommendations for assessment and management of these psychotic manifestations in AD, with the aim to both serve patients, caregivers, and health professionals.

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Increased risk of psychosis in patients with hearing impairment: Review and meta-analyses

Cited by 96 publications

References 181 publications

Failures of cognitive control or attention? The case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia

Failures of cognitive control or attention? The case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia

Hallucinations in Healthy Older Adults: An Overview of the Literature and Perspectives for Future Research

Clinical and neurocognitive aspects of hallucinations in Alzheimer’s disease

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