Increased risk of developing acute leukemia after employment as a painter

Lindquist, Ragnhild; Nilsson, Bo; Eklund, Gunnar; Gahrton, Gösta

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19870915)60:6<1378::aid-cncr2820600636>3.0.co;2-d

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…They are largely composed of saturated hydrocarbons (or alkanes, which in liquid form are C5–C17), but also include a small proportion of benzene. Although benzene is a recognized leukemogenic agent [International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 1987], there is little information on the carcinogenicity of mineral spirits as such; a Swedish study reported an increased risk of acute leukemia among painters (Lindquist et al 1987), but painters may be exposed to a greater extent to other solvents such as toluene and xylene. Leaded gasoline, another mixture that showed indications of increasing risk, is a mixture of hydrocarbons used as fuel for automobiles; it also contains benzene and toluene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Exposure to Occupational Solvents and Childhood Leukemia

Infante‐Rivard

Siemiatycki

Lakhani

et al. 2005

Environ Health Perspect

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Many organic solvents are considered probable carcinogens. We carried out a population-based case–control study including 790 incident cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and as many healthy controls, matched on age and sex. Maternal occupational exposure to solvents before and during pregnancy was estimated using the expert method, which involves chemists coding each individual’s job for specific contaminants. Home exposure to solvents was also evaluated. The frequency of exposure to specific agents or mixtures was generally low. Results were generally similar for the period ranging from 2 years before pregnancy up to birth and for the pregnancy period alone. For the former period, the odds ratio (OR), adjusted for maternal age and sex, for any exposure to all solvents together was 1.11 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.88–1.40]. Increased risks were observed for specific exposures, such as to 1,1,1-trichloroethane (OR = 7.55; 95% CI, 0.92–61.97), toluene (OR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.01–3.47), and mineral spirits (OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.05–3.14). There were stronger indications of moderately increased risks associated with exposure to alkanes (C5–C17; OR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.11–2.86) and mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (OR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.12–2.41). Risk did not increase with increasing exposure, except for alkanes, where a significant trend (p = 0.04) was observed. Home exposure was not associated with increased risk. Using an elaborate exposure coding method, this study shows that maternal exposure to solvents in the workplace does not seem to play a major role in childhood leukemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Exposure to Occupational Solvents and Childhood Leukemia

Infante‐Rivard

Siemiatycki

Lakhani

et al. 2005

Environ Health Perspect

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“…No evidence of smokeless tobacco risks was apparent in a single study of acute leukemia from a Swedish case-control study (Lindquist et al, 1987). Cervical cancer was linked to smokeless tobacco use by women in a study based on cancer patients from the Third National Cancer Survey (Williams and Horm, 1977); interestingly, human papillomaviruses are suspected to play a role in both cervical and oral cancer (Yeudall, 1992;Schiffman and Brinton, 1995).…”

Section: Other Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Cancer and Other Systemic Effects Associated with the Use of Smokeless Tobacco

Winn

1997

Adv Dent Res.

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Persons who use chewing tobacco and snuff experience an increased risk of oral cancer. Because of the pharmacologic properties of nicotine and other constituents of smokeless tobacco, there is also concern that smokeless tobacco products may lead to cardiovascular diseases as well. The relatively few human population studies to date conflict with respect to whether smokeless tobacco use elevates cardiovascular risk factors or leads to cardiovascular disease or death from cardiovascular causes. Hemoglobin adducts to carcinogens present in smokeless tobacco products are measurable in the blood of smokeless tobacco users, indicating that smokeless-tobacco-related carcinogens circulate throughout the body. This prompts a concern that smokeless tobacco may increase risks of other cancers as well. The evidence to date from epidemiologic studies indicates no relationship between smokeless tobacco and bladder cancer, but there is suggestive evidence linking smokeless tobacco use to prostate cancer risk. Only single studies have been conducted of some cancers, and inconsistencies among studies of the same cancer site have been reported. Molecular epidemiologic studies may help identify markers of malignant transformation in smokeless tobacco users that may help in early intervention to prevent or ameliorate the consequences of oral cancer. Further studies are needed to determine more clearly the cardiovascular and non-oral cancer risks potentially associated with smokeless tobacco use.

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“…Employment in many industries and occupations has been associated with leukemia including agriculture [Blair and Zahm, 1995;Kristensen et al, 1996;Cerhan et al, 1998], oil re®ning and petrochemicals [Jarvholm et al, 1997;Divine et al, 1999], construction [Robinson et al, 1995, and the nuclear industry or weapons production [Kendall et al, 1992;Cardis et al, 1995]. Elevated risk of leukemia has also been observed among nurses and other healthcare workers [Peipins et al, 1997;Burnett et al, 1999;Petralia et al, 1999], electric utility workers [London et al, 1994;Floderus et al, 1999], vehicle mechanics [Hunting et al, 1995], managers and professionals [Loomis and Savitz, 1991], hairdressers [Miligi et al, 1999], shoe manufacturing workers [Bulbulyan et al, 1998], painters and printers [Lloyd et al, 1977;Lindqvist et al, 1987], welders and embalmers, anatomists, and pathologists [Linos et al, 1989;Hayes et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%