Increased Risk of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in Migraine Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based, Longitudinal Follow-Up Study in South Korea

Abstract

Background and Purpose Migraine is reportedly associated with several cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCDs), but some of these diseases have not received sufficient attention. We thus attempted to determine the associations of migraine with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF), ischemic stroke (IS), and hemorrhagic stroke (HS). Methods The study population was recruited by applying International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes to the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2002 to 2018. Cumulative incidence curves were plotted to compare the incidence rates of CCDs between the migraine (ICD-10 code G43; n =130,050) and nonmigraine ( n =130,050) groups determined using 1:1 propensity-score matching. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to obtain adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CCDs in patients with any migraine, migraine with aura ( n =99,751), and migraine without aura ( n =19,562) compared with nonmigraine controls. Results For all CCDs, the cumulative incidence rates were higher in the migraine group than the nonmigraine group ( p <0.001 in log-rank test). Any migraine, irrespective of the presence of aura, was associated with PAD (aHR 2.29, 95% CI 2.06–2.53), IHD (aHR 2.17, 95% CI 2.12–2.23), AF (aHR 1.84, 95% CI 1.70–1.99), IS (aHR 2.91, 95% CI 2.67–3.16), and HS (aHR 2.46, 95% CI 2.23–2.71). aHR was higher in female than in male migraineurs for all of the CCDs. Conclusions Associations of migraine with CCDs have been demonstrated, which are stronger in females than in males.

Association of Body Composition Changes with the Development of Diabetes Mellitus: A Nation-Wide Population Study

“…Detailed definitions of the covariates are provided in Part 2 in Supplementary Methods and in previous studies [21][22][23][24]. Variables, including age, sex, BMI, hypertension, dyslipidemia, DM, cancer, atrial fibrillation, renal disease, household income tertiles, alcohol consumption status (none, moderate, or heavy), smoking history (never, former, or current), physical activity (low or moderate), and Charlson comorbidity index scores (0, 1, or ≥2) were collected from the secondary health examination [22,[25][26][27]. Comorbidities were defined by combining the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes, laboratory results, and medication history, differently for each comorbidity [22,25].…”

Increased Risk of Dementia after Transient Global Amnesia: A Nationwide Population-Based, Longitudinal Follow-Up Study in South Korea

“…The National Health Insurance Sharing Service (NHISS) provided the customized data services (https://nhiss.nhis.or.kr) for this study. Details of the data source and process have been described in previous studies [16,17]. This study was exempted from review and informed consent by the Institutional Review Board of Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital (SCHBC 2021-11-035).…”

“…Using the ICD-10 diagnostic codes, the following clinical information was obtained for all included patients [16,17]: age at index visit, sex, history of hypertension (I10-I13, I15), diabetes (E10-E14), hyperlipidemia(E78), stroke (I63, I60-I62, I69), epilepsy (G40, G41, R56) [20], depression (F32, F33) [21,22], anxiety (F41) [21,22], ischemic heart disease (I20-I25), atrial fibrillation (I48) [23], migraine (G43) [16,22], alcohol-related diseases (K70, F10, G31.2, E24.4, G62.1, T51.9, K85.2, K86.0, G72.1) [16], traumatic brain injury (F07.2, S06.0-S06.9, S02.0, S02.1, S02.7, S02.8, or S02.9) [24], income level (≤40th percentile, 41st-70th percentile, ≥71st percentile), and urbanization level (stratified into 3 levels).…”