Increased resistance to Nalidixic acid and Ciprofloxacin in Salmonella isolates from the Sub Himalayan region

Abstract

Background: During the last two decades, increased resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin has become a cause of global concern. The present study was undertaken to ascertain nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella isolates from our region. To know the true pattern of ciprofloxacin resistance by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) through E-test.Methods: All the Salmonella isolates recovered from blood cultures were screened for nalidixic acid resistance using 30µg disc by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin susceptibility was done both by disc diffusion and MIC using CLSI breakpoints.Results: We analysed a total of 80 Salmonella isolates during the last three years. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi was the predominant serovar in 51 (64.8%) isolates, followed by Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A comprising 28 (36.2%) isolates. Amongst the total isolates 78 (97.5%) were nalidixic acid resistant. Of these 54 (67.5%) showed intermediate susceptibility and 9 (11.2%) were ciprofloxacin resistant by the disc diffusion technique. On the contrary 29 (36.2%) had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin; while a larger number 38 (47.5%) were detected resistant to ciprofloxacin on determination of MIC by the E-test.Conclusions: Screening for nalidixic acid acts as a surrogate marker to detect ciprofloxacin resistance. However, the true pattern of ciprofloxacin resistance can be determined by calculating the MIC by the E-test.

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF Salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi FROM BLOOD ISOLATES IN CHILDREN FROM A NORTH DELHI TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

“…This reversal in the drug resistance pattern may be attributed to the restricted use of these antimicrobials in the recent past following the reports of emergence of MDR isolates from various parts of country and worldwide. Nalidixic acid resistance has been associated with reduced susceptibility towards fluoroquinolones even when the isolates may appear sensitive in vitro to ciprofloxacin [9][10][11][12][13]19].Many authors have reported high resistance for nalidixic acid among Salmonella isolates, threatening efficacy of treatment and clinical failure of ciprofloxacin [7,[9][10][11][12][13]. Ciprofloxacin resistance was found in 34.2% of isolates in our study.…”

Incidence of <i>Salmonella typhi </i>in Blood Cultures and Antibiogram Patterns in Peshawar

“…13 The incidence of Tigecycline sensitive rate in this study is 100% is compare the past study the 97% sensitive rate. 14 Among the sensitive rate of Ciprofloxacin is (68%) nonetheless the sensitive rate was (84%) 15 and the sensitive rate of Chloramphenicol is (3%) nonetheless the sensitive rate was (50%) The incidence of Amikacin sensitive rate is (100%) nonetheless the sensitive was (71.9%). 16 The Azithromycin is (59%) in our study but the sensitive rate (46%).…”

Susceptibilidad a la ciprofloxacina en Salmonella enterica serotipo Typhi, no multidrogorresistente, 2017 a 2020

“…La susceptibilidad al ácido nalidíxico ha sido validada como prueba de detección de susceptibilidad intermedia a la ciprofloxacina. La resistencia al ácido nalidíxico se asocia con CIM altas a la ciprofloxacina, lo cual puede conllevar a fracasos terapéuticos 14 .…”