Increased Reliance on Value-based Decision Processes Following Motor Cortex Disruption

Zénon, Alexandre; Klein, Pierre-Alexandre; Alamia, Andrea; Boursoit, François; Wilhelm, Emmanuelle; Duqué, Julie

doi:10.1016/j.brs.2015.05.007

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Furthermore, Derosiere et al ( 2015 ) instructed participants to perform button press decisions that were not merely based on perceptual processes, but also on value-based processes. Using continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to disrupt M1 activity, they observed that participants’ valued-based decisions were not optimal (i.e., compared with control participants), when the left M1 was virtually lesioned (see also Zénon et al, 2015 ). These studies suggest the causal involvement of primary motor regions not only in action planning, but also perceptual and value-based decision-making.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task-Relevant Information Modulates Primary Motor Cortex Activity Before Movement Onset

Calderon

Opstal

Peigneux

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Monkey neurophysiology research supports the affordance competition hypothesis (ACH) proposing that cognitive information useful for action selection is integrated in sensorimotor areas. In this view, action selection would emerge from the simultaneous representation of competing action plans, in parallel biased by relevant task factors. This biased competition would take place up to primary motor cortex (M1). Although ACH is plausible in environments affording choices between actions, its relevance for human decision making is less clear. To address this issue, we designed an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment modeled after monkey neurophysiology studies in which human participants processed cues conveying predictive information about upcoming button presses. Our results demonstrate that, as predicted by the ACH, predictive information (i.e., the relevant task factor) biases activity of primary motor regions. Specifically, first, activity before movement onset in contralateral M1 increases as the competition is biased in favor of a specific button press relative to activity in ipsilateral M1. Second, motor regions were more tightly coupled with fronto-parietal regions when competition between potential actions was high, again suggesting that motor regions are also part of the biased competition network. Our findings support the idea that action planning dynamics as proposed in the ACH are valid both in human and non-human primates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task-Relevant Information Modulates Primary Motor Cortex Activity Before Movement Onset

Calderon

Opstal

Peigneux

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…The amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited in muscles of the contralateral limb (often the hand) by TMS over the primary motor cortex (M1) is a precious indicator of CSE at the time of stimulation (Bestmann and Krakauer, 2015 ; Bestmann and Duque, 2016 ; Duque et al, 2017 ). Comparing MEP amplitudes in different conditions have helped to characterize the corticospinal correlates of various neural processes including those underlying action preparation and stopping (Duque et al, 2010 , 2012 , 2013 ; van den Wildenberg et al, 2010 ; Greenhouse et al, 2012 ; Majid et al, 2012 ; Quoilin and Derosiere, 2015 ), decision making and reward processing (Klein et al, 2012 ; Klein-Flügge and Bestmann, 2012 ; Cos et al, 2014 ; Zénon et al, 2015 ; Derosiere et al, 2017a , b ), sustained attention (Derosière et al, 2015 ), speech (Labruna et al, 2011b ; Neef et al, 2015 ), and motor imagery (Ruffino et al, 2017 ). TMS has also proved useful in characterizing the corticospinal correlates of behavioral deficits in several neurologic disorders (Badawy et al, 2012 ) including stroke (Auriat et al, 2015 ; Stinear et al, 2015 ; Smith and Stinear, 2016 ; Boddington and Reynolds, 2017 ), Parkinson's disease (Valls-Solé et al, 1994 ; Lefaucheur, 2005 ; Soysal et al, 2008 ; Benninger and Hallett, 2015 ), or Alzheimer's disease (Guerra et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Double-Coil TMS Protocol to Assess Preparatory Inhibition Bilaterally

et al. 2018

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied over the primary motor cortex (M1), elicits motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in contralateral limb muscles which are valuable indicators of corticospinal excitability (CSE) at the time of stimulation. So far, most studies have used single-coil TMS over one M1, yielding MEPs in muscles of a single limb—usually the hand. However, tracking CSE in the two hands simultaneously would be useful in many contexts. We recently showed that, in the resting state, double-coil stimulation of the two M1 with a 1 ms inter-pulse interval (double-coil1 ms TMS) elicits MEPs in both hands that are comparable to MEPs obtained using single-coil TMS. To further evaluate this new technique, we considered the MEPs elicited by double-coil1 ms TMS in an instructed-delay choice reaction time task where a prepared response has to be withheld until an imperative signal is displayed. Single-coil TMS studies have repetitively shown that in this type of task, the motor system is transiently inhibited during the delay period, as evident from the broad suppression of MEP amplitudes. Here, we aimed at investigating whether a comparable inhibitory effect can be observed with MEPs elicited using double-coil1 ms TMS. To do so, we compared the amplitude as well as the coefficient of variation (CV) of MEPs produced by double-coil1 ms or single-coil TMS during action preparation. We observed that MEPs were suppressed (smaller amplitude) and often less variable (smaller CV) during the delay period compared to baseline. Importantly, these effects were equivalent whether single-coil or double-coil1 ms TMS was used. This suggests that double-coil1 ms TMS is a reliable tool to assess CSE, not only when subjects are at rest, but also when they are involved in a task, opening new research horizons for scientists interested in the corticospinal correlates of human behavior.

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“…Human beings are often faced with a multitude of stimuli in front of which they need to decide how to behave (Oliveira et al, 2010; Doya and Shadlen, 2012; Klein et al, 2012; Thura and Cisek, 2014; Zénon et al, 2015; Derosiere et al, 2016). In this context, irrelevant stimuli can occasionally induce a powerful activation of action representations that are not consistent with the ongoing goals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Aging on Motor Inhibition during Action Preparation under Sensory Conflict

Duqué

Petitjean

Swinnen

2016

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Motor behaviors often require refraining from selecting options that may be part of the repertoire of natural response tendencies but that are in conflict with ongoing goals. The presence of sensory conflict has a behavioral cost but the latter can be attenuated in contexts where control processes are recruited because conflict is expected in advance, producing a behavioral gain compared to contexts where conflict occurs in a less predictable way. In the present study, we investigated the corticospinal correlates of these behavioral effects (both conflict-driven cost and context-related gain). To do so, we measured motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) of young and healthy older adults performing the Eriksen Flanker Task. Subjects performed button-presses according to a central arrow, flanked by irrelevant arrows pointing in the same (congruent trial) or opposite direction (incongruent trial). Conflict expectation was manipulated by changing the probability of congruent and incongruent trials in a given block. It was either high (mostly incongruent blocks, MIB, 80% incongruent trials) or low (mostly congruent blocks, MCB, 80% congruent). The MEP data indicate that the conflict-driven behavioral cost is associated with a strong increase in inappropriate motor activity regardless of the age of individuals, as revealed by larger MEPs in the non-responding muscle in incongruent than in congruent trials. However, this aberrant facilitation disappeared in both groups of subjects when conflict could be anticipated (i.e., in the MIBs) compared to when it occurred in a less predictably way (MCBs), probably allowing the behavioral gain observed in both the young and the older individuals. Hence, the ability to overcome and anticipate conflict was surprisingly preserved in the older adults. Nevertheless, some control processes are likely to evolve with age because the behavioral gain observed in the MIB context was associated with an attenuated suppression of MEPs at the time of the imperative signal (i.e., before conflict is actually detected) in older individuals, suggesting altered motor inhibition, compared to young individuals. In addition, the behavioral analysis suggests that young and older adults rely on different strategies to cope with conflict, including a change in speed-accuracy tradeoff.

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Increased Reliance on Value-based Decision Processes Following Motor Cortex Disruption

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Task-Relevant Information Modulates Primary Motor Cortex Activity Before Movement Onset

Task-Relevant Information Modulates Primary Motor Cortex Activity Before Movement Onset

Using a Double-Coil TMS Protocol to Assess Preparatory Inhibition Bilaterally

Effect of Aging on Motor Inhibition during Action Preparation under Sensory Conflict

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