“…Islet cell antibody (ICA) determinations have been used as a serological marker for the identification of individuals at risk of developing Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus [1][2][3]; the diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes in cases of secondary failure, or unusual presentation [4][5][6]; and * S.Assa, Perah-Tiqua, Israel; A.Arnaiz-Villena, Madrid, Spain; J. Barbosa, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; C. Betterle, Padua, Italy, E. Beutner, Buffalo, New York, USA; G. Bright, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; H.Chapel, Oxford, U.K.; M.Codina, Barcelona, Spain; R. Dawkins, Perth, Western Australia; E. Deitsch, Vienna, Austria; U.Di Mario, Rome, Italy; G.Eisenbarth, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; R. Elliot, Auckland, New Zealand; R. Gomis de Barbara, Barcelona, Spain; T. Hanafusa, Osaka, Japan; L. Harrison, Victoria, Australia; K.Helmke, Giessen, FRG; C.Howard, Oregon, USA; P. In't Veld, Brussels, Belgium; D. Kawathara, Orange, California, USA; T. Kobayashi, Tokyo, Japan; M. Landin, Malm6, Sweden; A.Lernmark, Gentoft, Denmark; N.Maclaren, Gainesville, Florida, USA; T. Mandrup-Poulsen, Gentofte, Denmark; R. Manna, Rome, Italy; A. Miettinen, Finland; J. Palmer, Seattle, Washington, USA; R Panczel, Budapest, Hungary, J. Peter, Los Angeles, California, USA; K. Pirich, Vienna, Austria; L. Quenette, La Jolla, California, USA; G.Reeves, Nottingham, UK; K.Reinauer, Tt~bingen, FRG; W. Scherbaum, Ulm FRG; L. Scott-Morgan, Southampton, UK; D. Vergani, London, U. K.; B. Vialettes, Marseille, France monitoring patients on insulin therapy [7,8], or undergoing therapeutic trials with cyclosporine [9,10]. Since ICA were first described [11], numerous methodological modifications to the standard indirect immunofluorescent (IFL) assay have been proposed [12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”