Increased Reactive Oxygen Species and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Production by Monocytes are Associated with Elevated Levels of Uric Acid in Pre-Eclamptic Women

Abstract

Elevated serum uric acid levels are correlated with higher O(2)(-) and TNF-α production by monocytes in women with PE. This may contribute to the enhanced oxidative and inflammatory state characteristic of this disorder.

Monocytes from Pregnant Women with Pre-Eclampsia are Polarized to a M1 Phenotype

“…1,8,9 Association between increased levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as enhanced leucocyte activation and oxidative stress has been reported in PE. [10][11][12][13][14] This systemic inflammatory reaction is similar to that observed in normal pregnancy, but shows greater intensity. 15,16 Therefore, this disease might be resulting from an exacerbated maternal inflammatory response that includes activation of inflammatory cells such as monocytes and granulocytes, and endothelial cells.…”

“…15,16 Therefore, this disease might be resulting from an exacerbated maternal inflammatory response that includes activation of inflammatory cells such as monocytes and granulocytes, and endothelial cells. 17,18 Thus, an abnormal production of cytokines as well as imbalance between pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-(IL)-12, interferon-gamma (IFN-c), and IL-2 as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and IL- 13),is involved in the vascular damage observed in PE. 19 The excessive activation of intravascular monocytes and granulocytes as well as macrophages in PE suggests that innate immune system activation can cause problems in pregnancy progression.…”

“…29,30 The M1 and M2 classification, initially proposed for macrophages, can be extended to human peripheral blood monocytes in diseases such as sepsis, 31 infections, 32 type 2 diabetes, 33 and studies employing modulatory agents on the inflammatory response to in vitro treatment of these cells. 34,35 Considering that peripheral blood monocytes are activated in PE and produce higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, 13,20,21 in this study, we evaluated the two M1 and M2 monocyte phenotypes as well as their cytokine profile in pre-eclamptic women.…”

“…In previous studies, we demonstrated that monocytes from pregnant women with PE were endogenously activated and released high levels of reactive oxygen intermediates associated with high production of TNF-a and might be the major source of this cytokine detected in patients ' plasma. 13,20,21 Monocytes and macrophages are cells belonging to the monocytic-macrophage lineage and are considered cell populations that may be adapted and respond to a wide variety of signs in their environment. 22 Macrophages can be classified into at least two major subpopulations with distinct phenotypes and functions, that is, classically activated/inflammatory (M1) and alternatively activated/regenerative (M2).…”

Smilacis Glabrae RhizomaReduces Oxidative Stress Caused by Hyperuricemia via Upregulation of Catalase

“…Catalase can degrade hydrogen peroxide, an important component of ROS, and therefore reduce oxidative stress. It was demonstrated that hyperuricemia could increase ROS generation systemically [38]; therefore, we sought to determine whether SGR could reduce ROS generation systemically. We examined the serum ROS of the two groups and found that the serum ROS level of the SGR treatment group was lower than that of the hyperuricemia group.…”