Increased prevalence of ε 4 allele in patients with metabolic syndrome

Apo E isoforms, insulin output and plasma lipid levels in essential hypertension

“…The results of several international meta-analysis underline the importance of the relationship between the apo E phenotype and plasma lipoprotein concentrations [6][7][8]. It is documented that the apo E4 isoform is preferentially associated with a high VLDL level in plasma and low LPL activity and/or with low triglyceride removal activity, resulting in a delayed lipolysis and/or clearance of plasma triglycerides [30].…”

“…Common alleles apo E2, E3 and E4 code for three homozygous phenotypes, apo E4/4, E3/3 and E2/ 2, and three heterozygous phenotypes, apo E4/3, E4/2 and E3/2, significantly influence lipoprotein metabolism [6]. Apo E2 isoform is associated with increased triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, whereas apo E4 correlates with increased LDL in the circulation [8]. Apo E2 isoform is associated with increased triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, whereas apo E4 correlates with increased LDL in the circulation [8].…”

“…Patients with the phenotype resulting from isoform apo E3 (E3/3) demonstrate normal lipid metabolism, whereas in patients with isoforms apo E2 and E4 (apo E4/2, E2/3, E4/ 3) the disturbances in lipoprotein removal lead to the proatherogenic profile of blood lipids [7]. Apo E2 isoform is associated with increased triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, whereas apo E4 correlates with increased LDL in the circulation [8].…”

Apo E4/3-Rich Remnant Lipoproteins and Platelet Aggregation: A Case Report

“…Until now, epidemiological studies have recognized apo E4 as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (3)(4)(5); platelet activation can also be a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Induction of platelet aggregation by apo E4/3-rich RLP represents a new dimension to the actions of apo E. The results shown in the figure are strikingly different from a bell-shape dose-response relationship we reported recently for apo E3/3-rich RLP prepared from plasma of healthy individuals (7).…”