Increased plant nitrogen loss with increasing nitrogen applied in winter wheat observed with<sup>15</sup>nitrogen

Lees, H. L.; Raun, W. R.; Johnson, G. V.

doi:10.1080/01904160009382009

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, the unaccounted N increased as applied N increased regardless of the source (Table 5). Lees et al (2000) observed similar trends in a study conducted to document unaccounted N using 15 N.…”

Section: Soil Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium and Ph Statussupporting

confidence: 67%

The Magruder Plots: Untangling the Puzzle

et al. 2008

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Long‐term experiments play a vital role in revealing dynamic soil and weather processes that directly influence sustainable crop production and ecosystem health. The objective of this review paper is to present one of the oldest long‐term continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) experiments, the Magruder Plots, and their contribution to the scientific community regarding questions of yield response to amendments, yield stability, percentage organic matter (OM) lost over time, soil nutrient status, microbial activity, weed population, and information on the economic return from winter wheat production. Alexander C. Magruder initiated the experiment in 1892 and is in progress to date. The original plot was started to evaluate wheat production on native prairie soils without fertilization. After 6 yr the principal investigator split the initial plot into two and fertilized one half with cattle manure. The experiment was then modified to include 10 treatments in 1930 by Dr. Horace J. Harper to answer several soil fertility related questions. Since 1947, six treatments have remained intact that evaluate simple combinations of manure, and inorganic N, P, K, and lime. Following 114 yr of continuous winter wheat production under conventional tillage, the check plot that has never received any fertilizer addition continues to produce wheat grain yields of >1 Mg ha−1. Despite the decline in soil organic matter from 4 to 1% during this time period, wheat grain yields continue to show slight increases with time, likely due to improved genetics. While continuous wheat without rotation is not recommended, this 114‐yr study documents the feasibility.

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Section: Soil Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium and Ph Statussupporting

confidence: 67%

The Magruder Plots: Untangling the Puzzle

et al. 2008

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“…In general, losses are expected to be higher when moisture stress occurs during this period. Nonetheless, climatic differences from one day to the next can alter these estimates even when using isotopic difference methods (Lees et al., 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harper, Sharpe, Langdale, and Giddens (1987) found this aerial loss of 8.3 kg N ha -1 at 20-d post fertilizer application, and an additional 7.1 kg N ha -1 loss from anthesis to harvest. Lees, Raun, and Johnson (2000)) noted a 12 kg N ha -1 gain to 42 kg N ha -1 loss from flowering to maturity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen management impact on winter wheat grain yield and estimated plant nitrogen loss

et al. 2020

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Method of N application in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its impact on estimated plant N loss has not been extensively evaluated. The effects of the pre‐plant N application method, topdress N application method, and their interactions on grain yield, grain protein concentration (GPC), nitrogen fertilizer recovery use efficiency (NFUE), and gaseous N loss was investigated. The trials were set up in an incomplete factorial within a randomized complete block design and replicated three times for 5 site‐years. Data collection included normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), grain yield, and forage and grain N concentration. The NDVI before and after 90 growing degree days (GDD) were correlated with final grain yield, grain N uptake, GPC, and NFUE. At Efaw location, NDVI after 90 GDDs accounted for 58% of variation in grain yield and 51% variation in grain N uptake. However, NDVI was found to be a poor indicator of both GPC and NFUE. Grain yield was not affected by the method and timing of N application at Efaw. Alternatively, at Perkins, topdress applications resulted in higher yields. The GPC and NFUE were improved with the topdress applications. Generally, topdress application enhanced GPC and NFUE without decreasing the final grain yield. The difference method used in calculating gaseous N loss did not always reveal similar results, and estimated plant N loss was variable by site‐year, and depended on daily fluctuations in the environment.

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“…Firstly, the plant usually attains maximum nutrient uptake at the flowering to ripening stage (Karlen et al, 1987;Rodriguez et al, 1990), and Downloaded by [University of California Santa Cruz] at 06:33 27 November 2014 a decline in maximum nutrient uptake may decrease the potential for nutrient translocation from vegetative to reproductive organs. Secondly, many studies have reported that nutrient losses may happen later in the crop growing season, especially loss of N (Bashir et al, 1997;Lees et al, 2000). Therefore, the more nutrient that is lost the less there is to be translocated to filling seeds.…”

Section: Nutrientmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seasonal Biomass Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake of Canola, Mustard, and Flax on a Black Chernozem Soil in Saskatchewan

Malhi

Johnston

Schoenau

et al. 2007

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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Seed yield and nutrient use efficiency are related to biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake in the growing season. Biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of canola (Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and the relationship to days after emergence (DAE) or growing degree days (GDD) were determined during the 1998 and 1999 growing seasons in field experiments at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada. In general, biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake increased with time at early growth stages and reached a maximum at late growth stages. Significant R 2 values for both biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake indicated that a cubic polynomial type equation was suitable to represent these parameters as a function of DAE. All oilseed crops maximized biomass at mid way to the end of pod forming stages (74-84 DAE or 750-973 GDD). Maximum biomass accumulation rate occurred at the early to late bud forming stage (42-49 DAE or 390-498 GDD), and it was 146-190 kg ha −1 d −1 for canola, 158-182 kg ha −1 d −1 for mustard, and 174-189 kg ha −1 d −1 for flax. Maximum nutrient uptake occurred during flowering to early ripening (59-82 DAE or 597-945 GDD). Maximum nutrient uptake rate normally occurred at branching to early bud formation (21-42 DAE or 142-399 GDD). There was a close correlation between biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake, and among nutrients, suggesting interrelated absorption. For nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and boron (B), respectively, maximum nutrient uptake rate was 2.3-4.5, 0.3-0.5, 2.5-5.7, 0.7-1.1, and 0.005-0.008 kg ha −1 d −1 for canola; 2.3-3.9, 0.4-0.5, 2.6-4.9, 1.2-1.4, and 0.006-0.008 kg ha −1 d −1 for mustard; and 3.2-4.0, 0.3-0.4, 2.9-4.1, 0.3-0.5, and 0.004-0.009 kg ha −1 d −1 for flax. In general, maximum nutrient uptake rate and amount occurred earlier than maximum biomass accumulation rate and amount, and maximum rates of both nutrient uptake and biomass accumulation occurred earlier than their maximum amounts. The findings suggest that for high seed yields, there should be adequate supply of nutrients for plants, particularly to sustain high nutrient uptake rate at branching to bud forming stage and high biomass accumulation rate at early to late bud forming stage.

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Increased plant nitrogen loss with increasing nitrogen applied in winter wheat observed with¹⁵nitrogen

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

The Magruder Plots: Untangling the Puzzle

The Magruder Plots: Untangling the Puzzle

Nitrogen management impact on winter wheat grain yield and estimated plant nitrogen loss

Seasonal Biomass Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake of Canola, Mustard, and Flax on a Black Chernozem Soil in Saskatchewan

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Increased plant nitrogen loss with increasing nitrogen applied in winter wheat observed with15nitrogen

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

The Magruder Plots: Untangling the Puzzle

The Magruder Plots: Untangling the Puzzle

Nitrogen management impact on winter wheat grain yield and estimated plant nitrogen loss

Seasonal Biomass Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake of Canola, Mustard, and Flax on a Black Chernozem Soil in Saskatchewan

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Increased plant nitrogen loss with increasing nitrogen applied in winter wheat observed with¹⁵nitrogen