Increased Placental Anti-Oxidant Response in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic COVID-19 Third-Trimester Pregnancies

Rolfo, Alessandro; Cosma, Stefano; Nuzzo, Anna Maria; Salio, Chiara; Moretti, Laura; Sassoè‐Pognetto, Marco; Carosso, Andrea; Borella, Fulvio; Cutrìn, Juan Carlos; Benedetto, Chiara

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10030634

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…The representative marker of lipid peroxidation is TBARS [26]. Higher TBARS were reported in the plasma of women diagnosed with COVID-19 compared with controls [38]. These results are in contrast with our results.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination on Oxidative Status of Human Placenta: A Preliminary Study

et al. 2023

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Infection with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy complications associated with inflammation, which could lead to oxidative stress in the placenta. Whether vaccination against COVID-19 has any effect is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy on oxidative stress in the placenta and on extracellular DNA (ecDNA) in umbilical cord plasma. Placenta samples from healthy uninfected and unvaccinated control patients who recovered from COVID-19 and women vaccinated against COVID-19 during pregnancy were collected. Biomarkers of oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity were assessed in the placenta homogenates. EcDNA and deoxyribonuclease activity were quantified in umbilical cord plasma using real-time PCR and the single radial enzyme diffusion method, respectively. Markers of oxidative damage to lipids and proteins as well as antioxidant capacity in the placenta did not differ between the study groups. No differences were observed in total, nuclear or mitochondrial ecDNA, or deoxyribonuclease activity in the umbilical cord plasma. Taking into account the limits of a small observational study, our results suggest that the infection with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccination against COVID-19 do not induce any major disturbances in the balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant activity in the placenta. This is in line with the minor effects on fetal outcomes and ecDNA as a suggested marker of fetal well-being.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination on Oxidative Status of Human Placenta: A Preliminary Study

et al. 2023

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“…Levels of thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) (lipid peroxidation marker), hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1a), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione synthetase (GSS) are higher in SARS-CoV-2 positive placentas, indicating perturbations in hypoxic response and mitochondrial physiology [ 30 , 34 ]. Respiratory chain subunit genes NADH:Ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A9 (NDUFA9), succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A (SDHA) and cyctochrome C oxidase subunit 4I1 (COX4I1) were also decreased in symptomatic infected cases [ 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential molecular and cellular mechanisms for adverse placental outcomes in pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection—A scoping review

et al. 2023

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Background Emerging evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy can result in placental damage and poor placental outcomes. However, the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to placental damage are not well understood. With a rapid expansion of literature on this topic, it is critical to assess the quality and synthesize the current state of literature. The objective of this scoping review is to highlight underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 mediated placental pathology in pregnant individuals and identify literature gaps regarding molecular and cellular mechanisms of poor placental outcomes. Methods The review was conducted and reported following the recommendations of the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. The study protocol was registered with Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/p563s/). Five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed) were searched for studies published between September 2019 until April 2022. Studies assessing placental outcomes with respect to SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes of interest included histopathology, and molecular or cellular analysis. All records were uploaded into Covidence and extracted using the Joanna Briggs Institute method. Studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa scale and a narrative synthesis of results was generated. Results Twenty-seven studies reporting on molecular and/or cellular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 mediated placental outcomes were included in this review. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with perturbations in the ACE2 pathway, inflammatory mediators and immune cell populations and mitochondrial function in placentas. Conclusions Our findings suggest that changes in the ACE2 pathway, mitochondrial dysfunction, and/or inflammatory processes may lead to placental damage observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. More research is needed to understand the role of these pathways further, in addition to data collection related to trimester, severity, and strain.

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“…investigated placental HIF-1α level in third-trimester pregnancies with asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients. They found that overexpression of HIF-1α in the placenta of pregnant patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 [ 34 ]. In our study, HIF-1α showed an increased level of mRNA expression in all patients than healthy individuals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary investigation of gene expression levels of PAPP-A, STC-2, and HIF-1α in SARS-Cov-2 infected patients

et al. 2022

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Background Coronavirus-19 is still considered a pandemic that influences the world. Other molecular alterations should be clearer besides the increasing cytokine storm and pro-inflammatory molecules. Hypoxic conditions that induce HIF-1α lead to stimulate gene expression of STC-2 that targets PAPP-A expression. This study aimed to determine gene expression levels of PAPP-A, STC-2, and HIF-1α in COVID-19 infection. We also aimed to reveal the relationship of these genes with laboratory and clinical data of COVID-19 patients. Materials and Results We extracted RNA from peripheral blood samples of COVID-19(+) and COVID-19(−) individuals. The real-time PCR method was used to measure mRNA expression of PAPP-A, STC-2, and HIF-1α. Gene expression analysis was evaluated by the 2 −ΔΔCt method. PAPP-A, STC-2, and HIF-1α mRNA expressions of severe patients were higher than healthy individuals ( p = 0.0451 , p = 0.4466 , p < 0.0001, respectively). Correlation analysis of gene expression patterns of severe patients demonstrated a positive correlation between PAPP-A and STC-2 ( p < 0.0001 , r = 0.8638). Conclusion This is the first study that investigates the relation of PAPP-A, STC-2, and HIF-1α gene expression in patients with COVID-19 infection. Besides the routine laboratory findings, PAPP-A, STC-2, and HIF-1α mRNA expressions may be considered to patients’ prognosis as a sign of increased cytokines and pro-inflammatory molecules.

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Increased Placental Anti-Oxidant Response in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic COVID-19 Third-Trimester Pregnancies

Cited by 4 publications

References 70 publications

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination on Oxidative Status of Human Placenta: A Preliminary Study

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination on Oxidative Status of Human Placenta: A Preliminary Study

Potential molecular and cellular mechanisms for adverse placental outcomes in pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection—A scoping review

Preliminary investigation of gene expression levels of PAPP-A, STC-2, and HIF-1α in SARS-Cov-2 infected patients

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