Increased ophthalmic artery resistance index is associated with cognitive impairment in HIV-infected patients

Grima, Pierfrancesco; Fabbiani, Massimiliano; Ciccarelli, Nicoletta; Tana, Mariangela; Farina, Salvatore; Colafigli, Manuela; Mondi, Annalisa; Cauda, Roberto; Giambenedetto, Simona Di

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2012.07.005

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Taken together, the results of our longitudinal study confirmed previous cross-sectional observations of an intimate link between CV factors and cognitive disorders in HIV+ patients [13,14,[24][25][26]43]. To our knowledge, there is only one other longitudinal neuropsychological survey showing the possible impact of CV risk factors on cognitive decline [46].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Baseline CD4⁺ T-cell Count and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Predict the Evolution of Cognitive Performance During 2-Year follow-up in HIV-Infected Patients

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Baseline CD4⁺ T-cell Count and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Predict the Evolution of Cognitive Performance During 2-Year follow-up in HIV-Infected Patients

et al. 2014

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“…In countries where cART is widely available, HIV-associated dementia has dramatically declined, however milder forms of cognitive impairment persist despite the availability of potent cART. HAND in people living with HIV has several possible pathogenic mechanisms including poor drug concentration of antiretrovirals in CNS, legacy effect of CNS damage sustained during early stages of HIV infection of the brain, antiretroviral neurotoxicity, persistent brain immune activation, and comorbidities such as cerebrovascular disease, syphilis, and hepatitis C coinfection [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PET brain imaging in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy

Vera

Ridha

Gilleece

et al. 2017

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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Effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has lead to a significant reduction in the prevalence and incidence of central nervous system (CNS) HIV-associated brain disease, particularly CNS opportunistic infections and HIV encephalitis. Despite this, cognitive deficits in people living with HIV, also known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) have become more prevalent in recent years. The pathogenesis of HAND is likely to be multifactorial, however recent evidence suggests that brain microglial activation is the most likely pathogenic mechanism. Recent developments in positron emission tomography (PET) brain neuroimaging using novel brain radioligands targeting a variety of physiological changes in the brains of HIV-positive individuals have improved our understanding of the mechanisms associated with the development of HAND. This review will highlight recent PET brain neuroimaging studies in the cART era, focusing on physiological and neurochemical changes associated with HAND in people living with HIV.

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“…The severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders has been significantly reduced thanks to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) [ 12 – 14 ], even if milder forms of neurocognitive disorders still persist. This can be ascribed to a possible neurotoxicity of antiretrovirals on cognitive functions [ 15 ], to cardiovascular risk factors [ 16 , 17 ], or to the natural effect of aging [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of emotion processing in HIV-infected patients and correlation with cognitive performance

et al. 2013

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BackgroundFacial emotion recognition depends on cortical and subcortical networks. HIV infection of the central nervous system can damage these networks, leading to impaired facial emotion recognition.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional single cohort study consecutively enrolling HIV + subjects during routine outpatient visits. Age, gender and education-matched HIV-negative healthy individuals were also selected. Subjects were submitted to a Facial Emotion Recognition Test, which assesses the ability to recognize six basic emotions (disgust, anger, fear, happiness, surprise, sadness). The score for each emotion and a global score (obtained by summing scores for each emotion) were analyzed. General cognitive status of patients was also assessed.ResultsA total of 49 HIV + and 20 HIV − subjects were enrolled. On the Facial Emotion Recognition Test, ANOVA revealed a significantly lower performance of HIV + subjects than healthy controls in recognizing fear. Moreover, fear facial emotion recognition was directly correlated with Immediate Recall of Rey Words. The lower the patients’ neurocognitive performance the less accurate they were in recognizing happiness. AIDS-defining events were negatively related to the correct recognition of happiness.ConclusionsFear recognition deficit in HIV + patients might be related to the impaired function of neural networks in the frontostriatal system. AIDS events, including non-neurological ones, may have a negative effect on this system. Inclusion of an emotion recognition test in the neuropsychological test battery could help clinicians during the long term management of HIV-infected patients, to better understand the cognitive mechanisms involved in the reduction of emotion recognition ability and the impact of this impairment on daily life.

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Increased ophthalmic artery resistance index is associated with cognitive impairment in HIV-infected patients

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Baseline CD4⁺ T-cell Count and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Predict the Evolution of Cognitive Performance During 2-Year follow-up in HIV-Infected Patients

Baseline CD4⁺ T-cell Count and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Predict the Evolution of Cognitive Performance During 2-Year follow-up in HIV-Infected Patients

PET brain imaging in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy

Evaluation of emotion processing in HIV-infected patients and correlation with cognitive performance

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Increased ophthalmic artery resistance index is associated with cognitive impairment in HIV-infected patients

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Baseline CD4+ T-cell Count and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Predict the Evolution of Cognitive Performance During 2-Year follow-up in HIV-Infected Patients

Baseline CD4+ T-cell Count and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Predict the Evolution of Cognitive Performance During 2-Year follow-up in HIV-Infected Patients

PET brain imaging in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy

Evaluation of emotion processing in HIV-infected patients and correlation with cognitive performance

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Baseline CD4⁺ T-cell Count and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Predict the Evolution of Cognitive Performance During 2-Year follow-up in HIV-Infected Patients

Baseline CD4⁺ T-cell Count and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Predict the Evolution of Cognitive Performance During 2-Year follow-up in HIV-Infected Patients