Increased nitrogen-vacancy centre creation yield in diamond through electron beam irradiation at high temperature

Capelli, Marco; Heffernan, Ashleigh H.; Ohshima, Takeshi; Abe, Hiroshi; Jeske, Jan; Hope, Anthony P.; Greentree, Andrew D.; Reineck, Philipp

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.11.051

Cited by 87 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The presence of substitutional nitrogen is a prerequisite for the formation of NV centers and its distribution in the diamond lattice. It is well known that the concentration of substitutional nitrogen in HPHT diamonds varies strongly between different growth sectors . These differences in the macroscopic starting material should translate to nanoparticles with nitrogen concentrations that vary accordingly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not All Fluorescent Nanodiamonds Are Created Equal: A Comparative Study

Reineck

Trindade

Havlík

et al. 2019

Part & Part Syst Charact

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Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are vital to many emerging nanotechnological applications, from bioimaging and sensing to quantum nanophotonics. Yet, understanding and engineering the properties of fluorescent defects in nanodiamonds remain challenging. The most comprehensive study to date is presented, of the optical and physical properties of five different nanodiamond samples, in which fluorescent nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers are created using different fabrication techniques. The FNDs' fluorescence spectra, lifetime, and spin relaxation time (T1) are investigated via single‐particle confocal fluorescence microscopy and in ensemble measurements in solution (T1 excepted). Particle sizes and shapes are determined using scanning electron microscopy and correlated with the optical results. Statistical tests are used to explore correlations between the properties of individual particles and also analyze average results to directly compare different fabrication techniques. Spectral unmixing is used to quantify the relative NV charge‐state (NV− and NV0) contributions to the overall fluorescence. A strong variation is found and quantified in the properties of individual particles within all analyzed samples and significant differences between the different particle types. This study is an important contribution toward understanding the properties of NV centers in nanodiamonds. It motivates new approaches to the improved engineering of NV‐containing nanodiamonds for future applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not All Fluorescent Nanodiamonds Are Created Equal: A Comparative Study

Reineck

Trindade

Havlík

et al. 2019

Part & Part Syst Charact

Self Cite

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“…Finally, annealing is applied to remove the irradiation damages and facilitate the formation of NV defects 89 . It was found that the optimization of the annealing stages is very important to achieve good coherence properties of the resulting NV centers 90 .…”

Section: A Nitrogen-vacancy Center -A Brief Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ab initio theory of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

2019

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Nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond is a solid state defect qubit with favorable coherence time up to room temperature which could be harnessed in several quantum enhanced sensor and quantum communication applications, and has a potential in quantum simulation and computing. The quantum control largely depends on the intricate details about the electronic structure and states of the nitrogen-vacancy center, radiative and non-radiative rates between these states and the coupling of these states to external spins, electrical, magnetic and strain fields and temperature. In this review paper it is shown how first principles calculations contributed to understanding the properties of nitrogen-vacancy center, and will be briefly discussed the issues to be solved towards full ab initio description of solid state defect qubits.

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“…Electron beam parameters such as energy, flux, and fluence all play important roles in the number of NV centers formed and their brightness. Interestingly, it was recently shown by Capelli et al that temperature during electron irradiation can play a significant role in the density of nitrogen-vacancy color centers formed 57 . Table I summarizes results of our irradiation of 100 nm HPHT type Ib diamond particles at different conditions.…”

Section: Production and Characterization Of Fluorescent Diamond Partimentioning

confidence: 87%

Review Article: Synthesis, properties, and applications of fluorescent diamond particles

Shenderova

Shames

Nunn

et al. 2019

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phen

137

146

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Diamond particles containing color centers—fluorescent crystallographic defects embedded within the diamond lattice—outperform other classes of fluorophores by providing a combination of unmatched photostability, intriguing coupled magneto-optical properties, intrinsic biocompatibility, and outstanding mechanical and chemical robustness. This exceptional combination of properties positions fluorescent diamond particles as unique fluorophores with emerging applications in a variety of fields, including bioimaging, ultrasensitive metrology at the nanoscale, fluorescent tags in industrial applications, and even potentially as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. However, production of fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) is nontrivial, since it requires irradiation with high-energy particles to displace carbon atoms and create vacancies—a primary constituent in the majority color centers. In this review, centrally focused on material developments, major steps of FND production are discussed with emphasis on current challenges in the field and possible solutions. The authors demonstrate how the combination of fluorescent spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance provides valuable insight into the types of radiation-induced defects formed and their evolution upon thermal annealing, thereby guiding FND performance optimization. A recent breakthrough process allowing for production of fluorescent diamond particles with vibrant blue, green, and red fluorescence is also discussed. Finally, the authors conclude with demonstrations of a few FND applications in the life science arena and in industry.

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Increased nitrogen-vacancy centre creation yield in diamond through electron beam irradiation at high temperature

Cited by 87 publications

References 36 publications

Not All Fluorescent Nanodiamonds Are Created Equal: A Comparative Study

Not All Fluorescent Nanodiamonds Are Created Equal: A Comparative Study

Ab initio theory of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

Review Article: Synthesis, properties, and applications of fluorescent diamond particles

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