Increased Nitric Oxide Concentrations in Posterior Hypothalamus and Central Sympathetic Function on Nitrate Tolerance Following Subcutaneous Nitroglycerin

Ma, Sheng-Xing; Ignarro, Louis J.; Byrns, Russ; Li, Xiyan

doi:10.1006/niox.1999.0218

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The brain was then cut in 300-μm sections. The micropunches of the NTS and GN regions were identified and isolated bilaterally from two adjacent slices under a microscope by a punch made of a 18-gauge needle stub as described previously [2,22,27]. The brain nuclei were sampled, using coordinates NTS, AP-13.1, L 0–1.0, DV 6.0–7.0; GN, AP-14.3, L 0–1.0, DV 7.0–8.0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of electroacupuncture Zusanli (ST36) on food intake and expression of POMC and TRPV1 through afferents-medulla pathway in obese prone rats

2013

Peptides

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Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) ST36 on food intake and body weight in Obese Prone (OP) rats compared to obese resistant (OR) strain on a high fat diet. The influences of EA on mRNA levels of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) were also examined in the medulla regions and ST36 skin tissue. Methods Advanced EA ST36 was conducted in two sessions of 20 min separated by an 80 min interval for 7 days. Food intake and body weight were recorded in conscious rats every day. Real time PCR was conducted in the micropunches of the medulla regions and skin tissues at the end of the treatment. Results Food intake and body weight were significantly reduced by advanced EA ST36 in OP rats, but slightly decreased in OR strain and sham-EA rats. Advanced EA ST36 produced a marked increase in POMC mRNA level in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and hypoglossal nucleus (HN) regions. TRPV1 and nNOS mRNAs were simultaneously increased in the NTS/gracile nucleus regions and in the ST36 skin regions by the EA treatment in OP rats. Conclusions We conclude that advanced EA ST36 produces an up-regulation of anorexigenic factor POMC production in the NTS/HN, which inhibits food intake and reduces body weight. EA-induced expression of TRPV1-nNOS in the ST36 and the NTS/gracile nucleus is involved in the signal transduction of EA stimuli via somatosensory afferents-medulla pathways.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of electroacupuncture Zusanli (ST36) on food intake and expression of POMC and TRPV1 through afferents-medulla pathway in obese prone rats

2013

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“…The tubing was then removed from the participant's skin surface. The concentrations of NO x − , cGMP and nitrotyrosine in collected samples were then quantified in a blinded fashion (24,27,31,32).…”

Section: Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous studies have revealed that concentrations of total nitrite (NO 2 − ) plus NO 3 − (NO x − ) are consistently increased in three meridian skin regions associated with increased neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein levels in normal weight Sprague‐Dawley rats (24). The chemical labile nature of NO has been attributed to a rapid oxidation to both nitrite (NO 2 − ) and nitrate (NO 3 − ) (25,26), and measurements of these two stable metabolites (NO 2 − and NO 3 − ) has been shown to be indicative of the concentration of NO in the tissue (25,26,27). In the living system, oxyhemoglobin and oxymyoglobin catalyze the complete conversion of NO or nitrite ion (NO 2 − ) to nitrate ion (NO 3 − ) (25,28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Nitric Oxide, cGMP, and Nitrotyrosine Concentrations Over Skin Along the Meridians in Obese Subjects

Smith

et al. 2011

Obesity

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The purposes of these studies were to quantify the concentrations of total nitrate and nitrite (NOx−) cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and nitrotyrosine over skin surface in normal weight healthy volunteers (n = 64) compared to overweight/obese subjects (n = 54). A semicircular plastic tube was taped to the skin along acupuncture points (acupoints), meridian line without acupoint (MWOP), and nonmeridian control and filled with a 2-Phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl solution for 20 min. The concentrations of NOx−, cGMP, and nitrotyrosine in the samples were quantified in a blinded fashion using chemiluminescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. In normal weight healthy volunteers, NOx− and cGMP concentrations were consistently increased over the pericardium meridian (PC) 4–7 compared with nonmeridian areas. NOx− concentration is enhanced over the bladder meridian (BL) 56–57, but cGMP level is similar between the regions. In overweight/obese subjects, NOx− contents were increased or tended to be elevated over PC and BL regions. cGMP is paradoxically decreased over PC acupoints and nonmeridian control on the forearm but the decreases were blunted along BL regions on the leg. Nitrotyrosine concentrations are markedly elevated (five- to sixfold) over both PC and BL in all areas of overweight/obese subjects. This is the first evidence showing that nitrotyrosine level is tremendously elevated over skin accompanied by paradoxical changes in nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP concentrations over PC skin region in overweight/obese subject. The results suggest that NO-related oxidant inflammation is systemically enhanced while cGMP generation is impaired over PC skin region but not over BL region in obesity.

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“…The concentrations of NO x − (NO 2 − and NO 3 − ) in the dialysate samples were measured using an ozone phase chemiluminescence (NOA280i, GE Analytical Instruments, Boulder, CO, USA) as described [38, 41]. The measurement was conducted in a blinded manner.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture Zusanli (ST36) on Release of Nitric Oxide in the Gracile Nucleus and Improvement of Sensory Neuropathies in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

Rong

2011

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The purpose of these studies was to examine the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) Zusanli (ST36) on release of nitric oxide (NO) in the gracile nucleus (GN) and determine if functional neuropathic changes were modified by EA ST36-induced NO in the nucleus in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. The foot withdrawal responses to mechanical, thermal and cold stimuli were measured before and after EA stimulation. A microdialysis probe was implanted in the GN and dialysate samples were collected 20 min before, during and after EA ST36. Total nitrate and nitrite (NOx −) concentrations in the samples were quantified by using chemiluminescence. The baseline dialysate NOx − concentrations in the GN were decreased in ZDF rats compared to lean control (LC) rats (P < .05). In ZDF rats, dialysate NOx − releases in the GN were markedly increased during EA ST36, whereas in LC rats, the releases were moderately enhanced at 20–40 min after EA ST36. The withdrawal latencies to mechanical, cold and thermal stimuli were significantly improved 20 min after EA ST36 both in LC and ZDF rats, but not altered by non-acupoint stimulation. The withdrawal latencies to EA ST36 were further potentiated by 3-morpholinyl-sydnoneimine and inhibited by NG-Propyl-l-arginine infused into the GN in ZDF rats (P < .05). These results show that EA ST36 increases NO release in the GN, and NO in the nucleus modifies withdrawal latencies to mechanical, cold, and thermal nociception stimuli. Data suggest that EA ST36 induces NO release in the GN, which contributes to improvement of sensory neuropathies in rats.

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Increased Nitric Oxide Concentrations in Posterior Hypothalamus and Central Sympathetic Function on Nitrate Tolerance Following Subcutaneous Nitroglycerin

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of electroacupuncture Zusanli (ST36) on food intake and expression of POMC and TRPV1 through afferents-medulla pathway in obese prone rats

Effects of electroacupuncture Zusanli (ST36) on food intake and expression of POMC and TRPV1 through afferents-medulla pathway in obese prone rats

Changes in Nitric Oxide, cGMP, and Nitrotyrosine Concentrations Over Skin Along the Meridians in Obese Subjects

Electroacupuncture Zusanli (ST36) on Release of Nitric Oxide in the Gracile Nucleus and Improvement of Sensory Neuropathies in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

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