Increased mortality in ankylosing spondylitis is related to disease activity

Abstract

Mortality is increased in patients with AS and circulatory disease is the most frequent cause of death. Parameters reflecting the duration and intensity of inflammation are associated with reduced survival. These results indicate that, to improve long-term survival in AS, there is a need for early detection and anti-inflammatory treatment as well as a vigilant approach for cardiovascular risk factors.

Understanding How the Diagnostic Delay of Spondyloarthritis Differs Between Women and Men: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis

“…Delay in diagnosis of SpA has been described in women 5,9,10 and in both sexes 6,7,[11][12][13][14][15][16]20,26,27,29,30,32,33,35,38,39,40,44,45,46 , and although Bandinelli 23 observed less diagnostic delay in women than in men, in most of the papers where delay was compared between men and women, it was greater in women 8,17,18,19,21,22,28,31,34,37,41,42,43,47,48 . This implies that patients have had medically unsolved disorders for a long time, have continued searching for a diagnosis and treatment, or are being erroneously diagnosed and managed 49 .…”

“…Table 1 shows the main characteristics of the 42 studies on diagnostic delay in SpA included in this systematic review 1,2,3,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]19,20,21,22,23,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]48 . The review included 23,883 patients (67.6% men, 32.3% women).…”

“…Moreover, because the most frequent source of information was the hospital, selection bias is also a possibility, which would affect sex-related differences in diagnostic delay because women patients with SpA would not be recognized at the primary healthcare level and would not be referred to rheumatology clinics, where the research was conducted. In addition, there is a lack of information about how study samples were calculated and how missing data were addressed; only 1 paper described attempts to address potential sources of bias 38 . The low score for quality obtained for the papers was largely related to the methods section.…”

The assessment of the spondyloarthritis international society concept and criteria for the classification of axial spondyloarthritis and peripheral spondyloarthritis: A critical appraisal for the pediatric rheumatologist

“…With such variation in disease course, the long-term consequences of AS, particularly health related quality of life (HRQoL) and functioning, can differ among the individuals that suffer from the disease [4-6]. Finally, some data suggest that the mortality of AS is increased when compared to that of the general population [7,8]. …”

According to the Materials of the 2015/2016 New European League Against Rheumatism (Eular) Guidelines for Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis: General Characterization and Discussion Problems

“…В разных работах продемонстрировано увеличение стандартизованного показателя смертности у пациентов с АС с 1,6 до 1,9 [14][15][16]. Одна из основных причин леталь-ности при АС -ССЗ [17][18][19].…”