Increased Material Density within a New Biomechanism

Abstract

A new mechanism, applied in this study as a biomechanical device, known as a Bioactive Kinetic Screw (BKS) for bone implants is described. The BKS was designed as a bone implant, in which the bone particles, blood, cells, and protein molecules removed during bone drilling are used as a homogeneous autogenous transplant at the same implant site, aiming to optimize the healing process and simplify the surgical procedure. In this work, the amount of bone that will be compacted inside and around the new biomechanism was studied, based on the density of the bone applied. This study allows us to analyze the average bone density in humans (1.85 mg/mm3 or 1850 µg/mm³) with four different synthetic bone densities (Sawbones PCF 10, 20, 30 and 40). The results show that across all four different synthetic bones densities, the bone within the new model is 3.45 times denser. After a pilot drill (with 10 mm length and 1.8 mm diameter), in cases where a guide hole is required, the increase in ratio is equal to 2.7 times inside and around the new biomechanism. The in vitro test validated the mathematical results, describing that in two different materials, the same compact factor of 3.45 was determined with the new biomechanical device. It was possible to describe that BKS can become a powerful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of natural bone conditions and any type of disease.

Immediate Autogenous Bone Transplantation Using a Novel Kinetic Bioactive Screw 3D Design as a Dental Implant

“…The technique described is characterized by the simplicity of the procedure, reduced contact of the collected material with the external environment, and faster surgical procedure, which requires the basic skills necessary for any dental surgeon. As described in previous works [10], the BKS implant, when drilling into bone, can collect and compact the drilling chips, in this case, particulate bone, in its internal volume. In the technique proposed here, the BKS was removed after its insertion into the retromolar region of the mandible, to collect bone from this region (Figure 3) and graft it in (within BKS) in a surgical alveolus previously prepared for this purpose also in the same mandible (Figure 4).…”

“…In this paper, we present an experimental study in a synthetic human mandible, where the new biomechanical device, BKS [9][10][11][12][13], is used to remove bone, such as a rotatory instrument, from the mandible (retro-molar region), and immediately, without the manipulation of this bone graft, be introduced into a dental alveolus, created specifically for this study, filling the bone-deprived region with an autogenous bone while the BKS dental implant is screwed in place. With this technique, there is no need for the external manipulation of the bone graft, as the stabilization of the particulate bone is performed by the BKS dental implant itself.…”

Maxillary Sinus Lift Procedures: An Overview of Current Techniques, Presurgical Evaluation, and Complications

“…Recently, a new bioactive kinetic screw bone implant model efficiently accomplishes both autogenous grafting and sinus augmentation while also securing the implant in a single procedure. When the vertical bone height in the planned implant site is less than 4 mm, an additional surgical step is undertaken to harvest bone and enhance its availability [62][63][64][65][66]. Experimental studies conducted on synthetic maxillary bone and sinus have successfully demonstrated the feasibility and simplicity of this innovative technique.…”

A New Collector Device for the Immediate Use of Particulate Autogenous Bone Grafts

“…The use of a bone collection device in which the same procedures are applied in dental implantation makes the act itself similar the surgeon's normal routine, and we can predict similar expected results in terms of the patient's acceptance [1,3]. The new mechanical device, bioactive kinetic screw (BKS), described here is a simple multifunctional machine able to simultaneously drill and screw, measure the volume density of the material where it is applied, and compact the material inside [16][17][18][19][20]; here, we also describe another application, wherein the material collected in the device's interior volume can be used for transplantation to other regions for bone filling, or be used as a stimulus of osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction in bone scaffolds. The idea of reusing bone from bone drilling during dental implant insertion creates the concept of the BKS model as a bone collector [8,[16][17][18][19], which allows simultaneous drilling and screwing, and insertion of the cut material (bone chips) into the internal volume of this new BKS implant model, to then be transplanted.…”

“…These sizes can be modified internally (through flute length and width, diameter, and position in relation to the longitudinal axis of the through hole), as can the length and overall diameter of the screw. The larger the internal volume measurements of the BKS, the greater the bone collection capacity will be in proportion to the size of the total volume of BKS applied [19]. The choice of the amount of bone to be harvested, and therefore the size of the BKS, depends on the patient's needs, the surgeon's choice of the donor site, and the purpose of the graft (bone defect filling, or vertical or horizontal bone augmentation).…”