Increased levels of YKL-40 in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) could be classified as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and others according to etiology and pathology. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications of DM. YKL-40 is a marker of inflammation and some studies have indicated that DM was related with inflammation. The objective of our study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to confirm the relationship between YKL-40 and DM as well as DN.Methods: Pubmed, Embase, CNKI and Chinese wanfang databases were searched for eligible studies by two independent authors. Studies were included in this meta-analysis if they fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: (1) a study involving the role of YKL-40 in DM (or DN) designed as a case-control study or cohort study; (2) the data of serum YKL-40 levels were available; (3) studies were published in English or Chinese.Results: Twenty-five studies involving 2498 DM patients and 1424 healthy controls were included. Compared with healthy controls, DM patients had significantly higher levels of YKL-40 (DM: SMD=1.62, 95%CI, 1.08 to 2.25, P=0.000; GDM: SMD=2.85, 95%CI, 1.01 to 4.70, P=0.002). Additionally, DM patients with different degree of albuminuria had significantly higher levels of YKL-40 compared with healthy controls (normoalbuminuria: SMD=1.58, 95%CI, 0.59 to 2.56, P=0.002; microalbuminuria: SMD=2.57, 95%CI, 0.92 to 4.22, P=0.002; macroalbuminuria: SMD=2.69, 95%CI, 1.40 to 3.98, P=0.000) and serum YKL-40 levels increased with increasing severity of albuminuria among DM patients (microalbuminuria vs normoalbuminuria: SMD=1.49, 95%CI, 0.28 to 2.71, P=0.016; macroalbuminuria vs microalbuminuria: SMD=0.93, 95%CI, 0.34 to 1.52, P=0.002).Conclusions: DM patients have higher levels of YKL-40 compared with healthy controls. Additionally, levels of YKL-40 are significantly higher in DM patients with different degree of albuminuria than in the healthy controls and the levels of YKL-40 are positively related with the severe degree of albuminuria. Therefore, our current meta-analysis suggests that their sera should be detected for YKL-40, if DM, especially DN, is suspected in patients.

Correlation between Albuminuria Levels and Chitinase 3 like 1 Protein in Iraqi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Our results are in agreement with those of Luo et al, 2021, who found significantly higher level of CH3L1P in DM patients compared with healthy individuals [23]. Furthermore, the level of CH3L1P was reported to be higher in DM patients with various stages of albuminuria than in healthy subjects, and it rises as the severity of albuminuria worsens [23]. In addition, our findings are in line with those of Rathcke et al, 2009, who found that patients with T1DM and T2DM have higher serum CH3L1P levels [24].…”

“…CH3L1P may be linked to insulin resistance based on the macrophages infiltration and adipose tissue. All the studies mentioned above indicated that CH3L1P may have a link to DM [23]. Additionally, a previous research by Luo et al, 2021, is in agreement with our study which showed that the level of CH3L1P is significantly higher in T2DM patients compared with healthy individuals.…”

“…We observed an elevation of serum CH3L1P in all T2DM patient groups (A1, A2 and A3) compared with the control group. Our results are in agreement with those of Luo et al, 2021, who found significantly higher level of CH3L1P in DM patients compared with healthy individuals [23]. Furthermore, the level of CH3L1P was reported to be higher in DM patients with various stages of albuminuria than in healthy subjects, and it rises as the severity of albuminuria worsens [23].…”

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease described by the existence of hyperglycemia caused by deficiency in insulin secretion, activity, or both [1]. In modern societies, DM is considered a common disease [2]. Around 90-95% of persons with DM have T2DM.…”

Serum chitotriosidase and YKL-40 in acute pancreatitis: Reliability as prognostic marker for disease severity and correlation with inflammatory markers

“…YKL-40 is a 40 kDa heparin-and chitin-binding glycoprotein, which is secreted by various cells, including vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages. As a novel inflammatory marker, YKL-40 has been found to be elevated in several inflammatory and neoplastic disease conditions, including atherosclerosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis (OA), polymyositis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, cervical cancer and primary prostate cancer [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Although Johansen et al [19] found elevated serum YKL-40 levels in AP patients, they failed to explore the relationship between chitotriosidase and conventional markers of inflammation.…”